الگوی خط مشی گذاری اشتغال با رویکرد داده بنیاد (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
نیروی انسانی هر کشوری ابزاری ضروری برای توسعه اقتصادی است و بدون داشتن نیروی انسانی کارآمد و متخصص دستیابی به توسعه غیرممکن است. سیاست های رشد اقتصادی کشور باید الگوی اشتغال را پیش بینی کند، بنابراین لزوم تعیین سیاست ها و برنامه ریزی اشتغال با توجه به افزایش جمعیت، اجتناب ناپذیر است. در همین راستا هدف پژوهش حاضر ارائه الگوی خط مشی گذاری در حوزه اشتغال است. این پژوهش از نوع کیفی - اکتشافی با رویکرد داده بنیاد روش اشتراوس و کوربین، کاربردی، تفسیری و استقرایی است. چهارده نفر از خبرگان دانشگاهی و اجرایی جامعه آماری پژوهش را تشکیل داده اند. داده های حاصل از آنها در سه مرحله کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی تجزیه و تحلیل شده و 170 کد اولیه استخراج و 39 مقوله و 14 مفهوم احصاء گردید. بدین ترتیب الگوی مدنظر با دو عامل علی؛ سازمانی و فراسازمانی، سه عامل به عنوان پدیده محوری؛ کمیسیون کار و امور اجتماعی مجلس، وزارت تعاون، کار و رفاه اجتماعی و موسسات فنی و حرفه ای، دو عامل مداخله گر؛ ساختاری و اجرایی، دو عامل زمینه ای؛ سخت و نرم، دو راهبرد؛ کنش سیاست گذران و کنش بخش خصوصی و مردم نهاد و در آخر سه مفهوم پیامد؛ زیرساختی، اجرایی و فرهنگی- اجتماعی شکل گرفت. مقوله اشتغال و رفع بیکاری به عنوان یک پدیده مخرب اجتماعی، اقتصادی و فرهنگی همواره از دغدغه های اساسی سیاست گذاران بوده است. بنابراین لازم تمام نهادهای حوزه سیاست گذاری اشتغال، ایجاد اشتغال را که یک مقوله فرابخشی است و به هماهنگی و مشارکت فعال دستگاه ها و نهادهای اجرایی مرتبط دارد در اولویت خود قرار دهند.Occupation Policy Model with Grounded Theory Approach
Extended AbstractAbstractThe aim of the current research is to present a policy model in the field of employment. This research is qualitative-exploratory with the Strauss and Corbin method, applied, interpretive and inductive data approach. Fourteen academic and executive experts formed the statistical community of the research. The data obtained from them were analyzed in three stages of open, central and selective coding and 170 primary codes were extracted and 39 categories and 14 concepts were counted. In this way, the considered model with two causal factors; Organizational and extra-organizational, three factors as a central phenomenon; Parliament Labor and Social Affairs Commission, Ministry of Cooperation, Labor and Social Welfare and technical and professional institutions, two intervening factors; structural and executive, two background factors; hard and soft, two strategies; the actions of politicians and the actions of the private sector and non-governmental organizations and finally the three concepts of consequences; Infrastructural, operational and cultural-social was formed.IntroductionThe human resources of any country is an essential tool for economic development, and it is impossible to achieve development without having efficient and specialized human resources. The country's economic growth policies should predict the employment pattern, therefore, the need to determine employment policies and planning according to the population increase is inevitable. Despite the importance of the employment issue, the economic and social policies of our country have not paid particular attention to this issue. In the field of identifying the challenges of the labor market and employment in Iran, efforts have been made and suggestions have been made to solve them; But this effort has not comprehensively proposed a model for employment policy. According to what was raised, the current research seeks to answer this question; What is the pattern of employment policy in Iran with a data-based approach?Case studyThe case study in this research is the policies of employment policy in Iran and the investigation of factors affecting employment generation from the perspective of experts.Materials and MethodsThe current research is a type of qualitative-exploratory, applied and inductive research with a data-based approach that seeks to answer the main research question. Three main designs for foundational data theory are presented; Systematic design, emergent design and structural design. In the current research, a systematic design has been used. The research tool is a semi-structured interview with 14 experts who were purposefully selected.Discussion and ResultsFinally, 170 primary codes, 77 concepts and 14 categories were counted. Based on the specified concepts and categories, employment policy-making under the influence of internal organizational factors; general employment policies, information clarification, gender inequalities in employment and extra-organizational factors; The role of the media in employment, the need of the market, the low role of educational institutions and centers in employment and the limited employment opportunities, and with the influence of the causal conditions, led to the formation of policy strategies in the field of employment; Improving infrastructure, job rights and benefits, reducing prices and costs, developing human resources skills, using the private sector in employment development, public participation in the employment sector, competitive price was determined. In addition, these actions are based on background factors; Laws and regulations, credits and employment facilities, the necessity of consensus and interaction, the supporting role of the government, the right to quick access to information, the educational system are formed, and at the same time, intervening factors; Failure to use graduates' abilities, lack of investment, lack of economic stability, lack of attention to the country's capacities, lack of planning in employment and lack of entrepreneurial culture in employment will not be ineffective. Finally, such actions and reactions will also bring consequences; Development and improvement of the business environment, improvement and prosperity of the country's economy, strengthening capital for production, new technologies, facilitating the market and attracting investors, business feasibility.ConclusionIn fact, the current research was trying to present a comprehensive model of employment policy in the country with an exploratory approach. The ever-increasing expansion of horizontal communication and the gradual collapse of hierarchical communication is the basis for the emergence of policy in the policy system. Something must be done to reduce the distance between the institutions involved in the employment issue, and this will not be achieved unless the annoying bureaucracies are curbed. The structure of the executive system in the field of employment in the world is focused on five areas: "centralized system", "decision in the center, implementation in the province and locality", "designing policies and programs based on ideas from the provinces and regions", "decentralized structure" and finally "Delegation of authority is complete", but in Iran, in the field of employment policies, we have focused only on the first two modes, i.e. "centralized system" and "decision in the center, implementation in the province and locality". In the existing structure of employment policy in the country, the.e is basically no connection between governance and the target society, he pointed out the necessity of entering NGOs (non-governmental organizations) and the issue of employment.
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