جایگاه قومیت در برنامه های درسی رسمی رشته علوم انسانی(مورد مطالعه: دروس جامعه شناسی و تاریخ نظام جدید دوره دوم متوسطه) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
هدف این پژوهش بررسی جایگاه قومیت در برنامه های درسی رسمی رشته علوم انسانی نظام جدید دوره دوم متوسطه بود. این پژوهش از نوع توصیفی و شامل تحلیل اسنادی و تحلیل محتوای آنتروپی شانون بود. واحد تحلیل محتوا؛ متن، تصاویر و فعالیت های کتاب های درسی بوده است. روش نمونه گیری پژوهش هدفمند و نمونه پژوهش شامل 6 جلد کتاب های تاریخ، جامعه شناسی دوره متوسطه دوم بوده است. روایی محتوایی ابزار پژوهش با استفاده از نظر متخصصان در مورد میزان هماهنگی محتوای ابزار اندازه گیری و هدف پژوهش تایید شد. از طرف دیگر، به منظور حصول اطمینان از پایایی آن، از روش اسکات استفاده شد که براساس ضریب پایایی بدست آمده(79) ابزار مورد استفاده کاملاً پایا بود. بر اساس یافته های پژوهش فقط 4 درصد از بخش های سه گانه محتوای کتاب های بررسی شده به مؤلفه های مطلوب قومیت توجه داشته است. علاوه بر این یافته های حاصل از تحلیل آنتروپی شانون نشان داد میزان توجه به مولفه های مطلوب قومیت نرمال نیست. با استناد به این یافته ها می توان اذعان داشت که جایگاه قومیت در برنامه های درسی رسمی جامعه شناسی و تاریخ رشته علوم انسانی نظام جدید متوسطه دوم تا حدود زیادی مغفول مانده است. از این رو، با توجه به متکثر بودن جامعه ایران پیشنهاد می شود که در برنامه های درسی رسمی رشته علوم انسانی دوره متوسطه دوم کاملاً بازنگری شود به طوری که مؤلفه های لازم برای آموزش چندفرهنگی و تنوع قومی ایران را مورد پوشش قرار دهد.The Position of ethnicity in formal curriculum of Humanities discipline (Case Study: Sociology and History books in the New Secondary School System)
Introduction Considering that the Iranian society is a rainbow of different cultures of different ethnic groups, the prerequisites and requirements of life in this country should be considered based on the principles of multicultural life. Accordingly, it is necessary for the country's curricula to play the role of multicultural education and disseminate it in different ways. Therefore, examining the status of ethnicity in one of its most special areas, namely curricula, is an urgent and vital need and should be considered in curriculum studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of ethnicity in formal curricula of Humanities discipline in the new secondary education system. Method The research method used in this study was documentary analysis and Shannon's entropy content analysis. The content analysis unit consisted of text, images, and textbook activities. The statistical population included 51 books in the field of humanities in the second secondary school. The research sampling method was purposeful sampling and the research sample included 6 volumes of history and sociology books of the second secondary school. Results The findings of the present study showed that out of 2467 recorded units, only 122 units were in the case of the 22 desirable components of ethnicity. In other words, only 4% of the content of the books have paid attention to the desirable components of ethnicity. In addition, the findings of Shannon's entropy analysis showed that the highest amount of information load and the significance coefficient among the desirable components of ethnicity related to the component of "addressing the concept of peace and friendship between different ethnic groups" with the value (0.1280) and the lowest of information load and significance coefficient to the components of "Iintroducing different ethnic groups", "creating mutual understanding between different ethnic groups", "The role of all cultures in the formation of Iranian civilization", " Introducing different religions and sects of Iranian ethnic groups", "Awareness to prevent prejudice against different ethnic groups "," Introduction of language and ethnic dialect of different ethnic groups "," Awareness of the geography of life of different ethnic groups "," Helping to tolerate dissenting opinions ", and finally Reflecting the language, literature and music of different ethnic groups . Discussion Research findings showed that ethnicity in formal curriculum of Humanities discipline in the New Secondary School System remained largely neglected. Various causes have been effective in this situation. Factors such as the ignorance of policy makers about how to design and develop appropriate curricula with multicultural components; confrontation and resistance of educators And learners in learning different cultures, the inflexibility of the centralized educational system, the trustworthy and taboo view of ethnicity, the belief in the distorting role of ethnicity in national unity. Therefore, given the multiplicity of Iranian society, it is suggested that the official curriculum of Humanities discipline in the New Secondary School System be thoroughly revised to cover the components necessary for multicultural education and Iranian ethnic diversity.