آرشیو

آرشیو شماره ها:
۳۳

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف استخراج اصول حاکم بر طراحی الگوی برنامه درسی تربیت اخلاقی در دوره ابتدایی نظام آموزشی ایران انجام شده است. این پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی و با روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی انجام گرفته است. نمونه آماری شامل متخصصان و معلمان با تجربه دوره ابتدایی بودند که با روش نمونه-گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند. ابزار مورد استفاده، مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته بود. برای تحلیل داده های کیفی از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی استقرایی بهره برده شد. در نهایت بر اساس 9 مقوله کلی 25 اصل استخراج گردید. در مقوله رویکرد، اصولی مانند شایستگی محوری و فراگیری؛ در مقوله اهداف و مقاصد، اصولی مانند جامعیت اهداف، پرهیز از غایت زدگی و کثرت گرایی در گزینش ارزش های اخلاقی؛ در مقوله محتوا، اصولی مانند تناسب، موقعیت محوری، تأکید بر الگوی مارپیچی و یادگیری چندحسی؛ در مقوله روش های یاددهی- یادگیری، اصولی مانند محوریت عادت آموزی، بسط فعالیت های یاددهی- یادگیری به خارج از کلاس درس؛ در مقوله نقش نیروی انسانی، اصولی مانند اصل همگانی بودن مسئولیت تربیت اخلاقی، اصل عاملیت اخلاقی و صلاحیت های حرفه ای معلم؛ در مقوله ارزشیابی، اصولی مانند تفاوت پارادایمی و کارکردی در ارزشیابی و تنوع منبع داده ها در ارزشیابی و در نهایت در مقوله زمان و مکان، اصولی مانند تابعیت مکان و زمان از موقعیت یادگیری و مکان ها و زمان های سهیم و مؤثر در تربیت اخلاقی استخراج گردید.

Examining the dominant principles in the Designing of the appropriate Model for moral Education in the Elementary Period of the Iranian Educational System

Purpose: Moral education as a serious content area of most educational systems has attracted more attention from educational philosophy perspective than from curriculum designers. Although such research studies have contributed to the growth of this field, but they have almost failed to yield any operational insight for empowering educational authorities. On the other hand, a review of top-level policy documents in the field of education reveals that, despite the real emphasis on moral education in such documents, no moral education curriculum has ever been developed for general courses. Therefore, it seems that moral education has been neglected in formal educational system. To fill such a gap, this study aimed to identify the main principles governing moral education curriculum development. Method: This study used a qualitative approach and an inductive content analysis method. The participants consisted of experts in the field and experienced teachers of the primary school. The data was collected by semi-structured interviews. Results: According to the results, 9 general categories with their 25 related principles were extracted. The principles included core competency, comprehensive goal-setting, situationality, focus on habituation, universal responsibility of moral education, diversity of sources of data in assessments, and determination of learning situation based on time and place. Discussion: Generally the suggested principles governing moral education curriculum have been developed in response to shortcomings in moral education process and aim to shift away from the instruction of values to moral education. The limited definition of ethics in moral education process, the limitation of ethics to the level of cognition, and the limitation of moral content in the area of moral knowledge constitute the main shortcomings. The present curriculum made an attempt to fill in this gap by focusing on ethics as a competency as well as emphasizing other aspects of moral development such as attitude and moral deeds. On the other hand, to fulfill moral education goals, all the resources of the school should be used in harmony with each other. Therefore, learning should not be limited to classroom, and the responsibility of moral education should not fall on the teacher only. As a result, an effective moral education curriculum makes use of all the potential learning resources such as a discipline-based curriculum, integration into other courses at the micro level, and integration with the whole school at the macro-level. To do so, all those who are involved, directly or indirectly, in the process of moral education should understand the importance of this area of learning and its relationship with other areas and perform their respective duties.

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