Performance

The phenomenon of accelerating start-ups in Iran is a new procedure in the field of entrepreneurship that is affecting universities, policymakers, and economic activists as well as the entrepreneurial ecosystem in society. It is an organization with a systematic review method. According to this technique, a detailed and in-depth review of the research literature on the issue of factors affecting the performance of organizations and especially accelerators has been done and finally, the findings of related qualitative and quantitative research have been integrated together. The research findings based on 26 final reviewed articles led to the extraction of 52 open codes for all organizational factors and seven central codes including 1- Establishing organizational communication 2. Team building 3. Performance improvement 4. Leadership ability 5. Improvement and development of managerial ability 6. Participatory management 7. The administrative capability has become. In the end, it is suggested that in order to improve the performance of organizational accelerators, it is necessary to pay practical attention to these main variables and related sub-variables.

Background: Plyometric training is defined as a quick, powerful movement involving a system of reactive exercises and an eccentric contraction, followed immediately by an explosive concentric contraction. Aim : This study aimed to determine the effect of plyometric and aerobic training on peak power and performance in female elite rowers. Materials and Methods: Sixteen female elite rowers with a minimum of 1 year’s competitive rowing experience were recruited to perform six weeks of plyometric or cycling endurance training for 30 min before practice on the water three days per week. Rowing performance was assessed through a 500-m rowing time trial (TT), while peak rowing power (PR) was evaluated by over three maximal trials of 15 s on the rowing ergometer. The recorded value for peak power was the highest wattage observed during the 15-s period. All statistics were performed using commercially available software (SPSS v. 23, Armonk, NY). Pre-planned t-test comparisons were used to determine significance at baseline in changes within both groups. Results: The results showed 500-m TT performance significantly improved for the plyometric group ( P < 0.05) but not for the endurance group ( P > 0.05). Moreover, PR was considerably higher in the plyometric group in post-test than endurance training. Conclusion: These results suggest that plyometric can improve rowing performance in female elite rowers, and rowing coaches should continue using this form of training. Coaches can perform plyometrics in conjunction with other strength training methods or as a warm-up before beginning rowing-specific training.

Audience behaviour is an external factor which could influence an athlete’s performance during a match due to the evaluative attitude which it might convey. One of the most common positive influences on a team’s motivation can be attributed to a supportive and cheering audience. Contrastingly, jeering can be interpreted as negative influence. High emotions exchanged between the spectators and the players may also show the important ties which bind them together, and this can affect the players’ behaviour on the field of play. This study focuses on how crowd behaviour in Maltese football influences the players’ performance in the game. The influence of spectator behaviour on the psychological state of six male national senior football team members and six male national team youth players was analysed through data gathered from individual semi-structured interviews. Results show that both senior and youth players are influenced by variables of audience behaviour and feel pressured and anxious throughout matches.  Incentives for positive behaviour need to be introduced, together with sanctions for the breaking of rules, as well as slogans and placards placed in the stands for further awareness need to become the norm. If we are to curb societal issues such as racism and violence, the need for educational strategies is clear.

performance management has become one of the most effective incentive tools. The performance of school principals in the field of leadership has been less investigated. This research was conducted with the aim of Predicting the performance of school principals in leadership based on spiritual intelligence and spirituality at workplace with the mediation of organizational intelligence. The correlation research method was based on the structural equation model. The statistical population of the research was all the public and girls’ senior high schools’ principals of Tabriz (N=270). The sample size is 160 people based on the table of Krejcie and Morgan with stratified random sampling. Albrecht's organizational intelligence questionnaires, King's spiritual intelligence questionnaires, Milliman's spirituality at work, as well as the researcher-made questionnaire of school principals' performance in leadership were used to collect data. The psychometric properties of the questionnaires are valid and reliable. PLS software was used for data analysis. The results of the structural equation model showed (P<0.05): the ability to predict the leadership performance of principals based on spirituality at work and spiritual intelligence with the mediation of organizational intelligence at a high level (R2 = 0.85) and the ability to predict organizational intelligence based on spiritual intelligence was significant (Total effect = 0.86). There is a significant positive relationship between spiritual intelligence, spirituality at work and organizational intelligence with performance (P<0.05). Based on research results, promoting spiritual and organizational intelligence in principals, as well as promoting spirituality at work in schools can improve the leadership performance of principals

Performance management is a systematic approach that helps to improve the organization's performance through the processes of setting strategic goals, measuring, collecting, and analyzing data, reviewing performance data reports, and applying its results. An evaluation and monitoring system in the form of performance management At the macro level, which monitors the upstream documents, development plans, etc. in the form of one-year or even fewer time schedules, and provides the necessary feedback to pave the way to achieve the vision at different structural and management levels, one of the necessities which is currently the main question of the research entitled "Which is the appropriate model for managing the performance of managers?". To achieve this goal, the factors were identified using a qualitative and quantitative combined approach. In the qualitative phase of the Systematic literature method (SLR) and Delphi technique. The articles and documents selected in the systematic literature method (SLR) were evaluated in terms of quality through the CASP method. Based on the findings, 6 factors were identified as effective factors on performance. Managers were identified as external organizational factors - internal organizational factors - individual factors - input elements - performance management processes - results. Each of these factors has been used separately or in combination in various articles and research.

Background: Fatigue as one of the physiological factors can affect the physical performance of athletes. This issue is more important in young athletes and can expose them to injury. Aim: The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of functional fatigue on the performance and landing mechanics of adolescence taekwondo athletes. Materials and Methods: This was a semi-experimental study. Participants were 20 male teenage taekwondo players. Pre-fatigue measurements included side-jump tests, figure-8 hop tests, and single-leg triple jump tests, as well as a lower limb biomechanics assessment using a landing error scoring system. After the functional fatigue protocol was applied, all the pre-fatigue variables were evaluated again. In order to examine the intra-group changes of the research variables in the pre and post-test stages, the paired t-test at a significance level of P≤0.05 was used. Results: The paired-t test results revealed that following fatigue induction, performance in the side-jump and figure-8 hop tests significantly deteriorated (P<0.05). Additionally, performance in the single-leg triple hop test declined (P<0.05). Moreover, landing error significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusion: The finding of this study indicated that after applying fatigue, the subjects' performance decreased and the biomechanical error of the lower limbs increased. Fatigue can significantly impact adolescent taekwondo athletes' performance and biomechanics. So, taekwondo coaches should implement effective strategies to mitigate fatigue, enhance athletes' conditioning, and optimize their performance in training and competitions.