مطالب مرتبط با کلیدواژه

Decision-making


۱.

Modeling the prediction of the Financial Behavior in Iranian Stock Market Investors with an Interpretive Structural Approach(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Prediction financial behavior Investors Iran’s Stock Market Decision-making

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۱۱ تعداد دانلود : ۴۰۸
Nowadays, predicting the financial behavior of investors plays a crucial role in decision-making and the financial policy-making process. This study is aimed at providing a paradigm to predict the financial behavior of investors in Iran’s stock market. 24 experts were interviewed to identify the variables, and 24 variables were identified. The interpretive structural paradigming was carried out using a self-interaction matrix based on the experts’ opinions. The MICMAC analysis has been used to identify the types of the variables. As findings of the study, a five-level paradigm was determined, in which environmental factors and the background of financial behavior on the fifth level were the most influential variables and also arbitrage, bias, and the perceptual mistake were the most impressible variables of the paradigm on the first level. MICMAC analysis of this study suggested that the variable of environmental factors had low dependence and high efficacy. Furthermore, psychological projection, perceptual mistake, arbitrage, and bias are dependent variables with high dependence and low efficacy. Other variables are mediator variables with high dependence and effectiveness.
۲.

Investigating the Factors Affecting the Ethical Decision-making of Sports Consumers(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

تعداد بازدید : ۲۴۱ تعداد دانلود : ۲۱۶
Background: The issue of ethics in commercial relations between the buyer and the seller is highly significant and if there are no solutions to ethical problems in these areas, the continuation of this process will lead to a shake-up in trade and commercial communications from the lower layers that are consumers up to the upper layers that are major traders. The first articles on ethical issues were published in the 1960s and were mostly philosophical articles. In such an atmosphere, having a good understanding of consumerschr('39') ethical behaviors and the process of consumption includes several advantages. These benefits include helping managers in their decision making, providing a cognitive basis through analyzing consumer behavior, helping legislators, and regulators to lay down rules for the purchase and sale of goods and services, and ultimately for consumers in the decision-making process. The purpose of this study is to investigate ethics in the of sports consumer behavior. In fact, researchers have found that observing ethical issues in transactions not only from the seller and the marketerchr('39')s side, but also, from the consumerchr('39')s side is important. Conclusion: The results of the review of the research done on the relationship between ‎individual factors such as age, gender, religion, and moral intensity show that in most cases, ‎these variables have had an impact on ethical decision making. Therefore, further research in ‎this area should be made to clarify the certainty of these effects.‎
۳.

Providing a Structural Pattern of Problem Solving for Managers Based on Decision-making and Evaluating the Mediation role of Organizational culture(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Creative Problem Solving for Managers Decision-making Organizational Culture

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۴۰ تعداد دانلود : ۳۵۰
Purpose: The present study aimed to provide a structural model of creative problem solving in the managers of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran based on the decision: evaluation of the mediating role of organizational culture. Methodology: This research was an applied, descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of this study included all managers of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran in the academic year 1398-1397 that from the mentioned population with a volume of 1300 people, using Krejcie and Morgan table, 297 people were selected by cluster random sampling. The data were collected using the Creative Problem Solving Questionnaire of Basader Managers (1995), Scott and Bruce Decision Making (1995) and Edgarschin (2004) Organizational Culture. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Findings: The results showed that decision making and organizational culture significantly predict creative problem solving in the managers of Islamic Azad University of Tehran and organizational culture mediates the relationship between decision making and creative problem solving in the managers of Islamic Azad University of Tehran. he does. Conclusion: Decision making and creativity is one of the most central processes in organizations, especially in educational environments and is considered as the main task of managers at all levels.
۴.

Presenting Model of Rotation from Centralization to Reducing of Focus on the Field of Formality and Power in Decision-Making of Staff Levels in Education in Tehran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Centralization Formality Power Decision-making Education

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۷۶۹ تعداد دانلود : ۲۹۵
Purpose: The aim of tis research was presenting model of rotation from centralization to reducing of focus on the field of formality and power in decision-making of staff levels in education of Tehran. Methodology: Present research in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation was quantitative. The study population was the principals and employees of the staff level of education ministry and the principals and teachers of secondary high schools of Tehran city in the academic years of 2018-19, which based on Cochran's formula from them, were selected 440 people by simple random and multi-stage cluster sampling methods. To collect data was used from 37-items researcher-made questionnaire that its content validity was confirmed by experts and the structure validity of instrument was confirmed by factor analysis and its reliability was calculated 0.94 by Cronbach's alpha method. Data were analyzed with exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling methods in SPSS and AMOS software. Findings: The findings showed that the model of rotation from centralization to reducing of focus on the field of formality and power in decision-making had six components of formality, power in decision-making, horizontal communication, delegation of authority, information technology and school-based. Also, the mentioned model had a good fit and all six components of formality, power in decision-making, horizontal communication, delegation of authority, information technology and school-based had a significant direct effect on the rotation from centralization to reducing of focus (P<0.05). Conclusion: Regarded to the results of the present study through improving the components of formality, power in decision-making, horizontal communication, delegation of authority, information technology and school-based can be achieved from centralization to reducing of focus on the field of formality and power in decision-making.
۵.

Decision-Making and Collective Choice against Terrorism in the UNSC

نویسنده:

کلیدواژه‌ها: international organizations Decision-making UNSC collective action Terrorism

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۰۸ تعداد دانلود : ۲۱۳
Decisions as outputs of international organizations are highly influenced by different motivations. Presence of veto powers, heterogeneity of preferences and the rules governing decisions lead to study the decision-making in the United Nations Security Council. But the main puzzle of the current paper is to discover the motivations influencing on decision-making in the UNSC. According to our research, precedent and organizational doctrines guide the veto holders’ decisions. The costs of unilateral decisions push the members of UNSC to act based on collective bargaining and decisions which not only modify the opportunity structures but also help them to meet their rather different preferences. One of the most notable cases that these double doctrines are heavily visible in the UNSC activity is the area of the terrorism. In this case, the UNSC as an international political organization providing collective response to the international security threats by resorting to agreed language and political coalition.
۶.

Insurer Optimal Asset Allocation in a Small and Closed Economy: The Case of Iran’s Social Security Organization(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: ALM Portfolio Optimization Insurer Decision-making Financial Market

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۱۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۸۱
We seek to determine the optimal amount of the insurer’s investment in all types of assets for a small and closed economy. The goal is to detect the implications and contributions the risk seeker and risk aversion insurer commonly make and the effectiveness in the investment decision. Also, finding the optimum portfolio for each is the main goal of the present study. To this end, we adopted the optimal asset-liability management (ALM) method to control the firm's risk of financial stability and growth by balancing the assets and liabilities of the firm. In the process, stochastic interest rates and inflation risks were taken into account according to the expected utility maximization framework. All assets were established and calculated by the Kalman Filter with the stochastic interest rate following the Hull-White model; an additional stochastic process models the inflation risk. To consider the stochastic process, we employed the geometric Brownian motion in the liability process to ensure a definite liability value. We chose Iran’s Social Security Organization as our sample insurer company since it has a portfolio of five types of assets and four types of liabilities, and operates in a small and closed economy. By Applying the ALM method with the stochastic control theory approach, we acquire the optimal investment strategies for insurers to minimize their risk. Our findings demonstrate the effects of model parameters, such as the degree of risk-taking on the insurer decision.
۷.

Novice EFL Teachers' Decision-making and Pedagogical Reasoning in Implementing Instruction(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Novice EFL teachers Decision-making pedagogical reasoning English language instruction

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۵۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۵۰
Teachers' decision-making and pedagogical reasoning and their improvement are key to the effectiveness of teaching. Although a number of studies have been conducted on these issues, there is still not enough information about teachers' interactive decision-making and pedagogical reasoning, and teachers also do not have the necessary skills in this area. To address this gap, the current multiple case study investigated four novice EFL teachers' decision-making and their underlying pedagogical reasoning in implementing instruction. The result of the constant comparative and categorical content analysis on the ten-session classroom observations and the transcribed stimulated recall interviews indicated common themes, including teachers' overusing of learners' L1, excessively using the deductive approach to teaching, failing to incorporate technology but using available resources in class during instruction, using whole-class or individual instructional techniques, and rarely emphasizing on learners' knowledge of the world. The targeted teachers made such decisions to perform their predetermined responsibilities, transfer the correct information, motivate learners, manage time, and help learners toward their language achievement. This study has implications for teachers to reflect on their instructional decisions and pedagogical reasoning, and for managers to provide them with opportunities for reflection.
۸.

Good Governance, (as promoting in decision-making process) and its influence on urban strategic plans(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Mashhad Strategic Planning Decision-making Governance

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۴۷ تعداد دانلود : ۸۳
Experiences from urban development plans and assessments of their concrete and tangible results in the past decades indicate lack of adequate success of our urbanization system to responding needs of our citizens. This has resulted in need to find a fundamental solution to transforming the centralized system into decentralized. Recent changes in regard to a change of approach from master plan to strategic planning has resulted in an increased sensitivity with regard to enhancement of urban management in addition to the opinion that strategic planning is not in itself a credible replacement for technocratic master planning (top-down) and is not on its own sufficient for sustainable development. In this article, we employ methods of actualization and content analysis to compare the common features of two issues in Iran and subsequently, with an emphasis on correction of structure of urban management system, the concepts of participation of citizens, government, private sector and civic society and enhancement of “good urban governance” with “strategic planning approach” are discussed as keys to the question of solid development.“Public participation in decision-making, accountability, equity and efficiency”, defines both fundamental principles of good urban governance and characteristics of strategic planning and is essentials of a constant environmental, social and economic development.
۹.

Political Behavior of Muslims in the US: Transition from Isolation to Political Participation(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۲۸ تعداد دانلود : ۱۸۱
Most of the researchers in American politics and public policy focus on the Presidency, Congress, and Judiciary as the main institutions in the U.S. and consider the relations and interactions among them. However, the relationship between these main institutions affected by interest groups which can be seen in the process of decision making and their contribution to the public sphere. In an attempt to consider the role of interest groups, this paper’s main concern is to study the influence of interest groups on the public sphere in general, and particularly, the role of religious interest groups in the process of decision making for Muslim communities. The paper’s assumption is that the mosque and other religious institutions in the U.S. have multifaceted roles to mobilize Muslims and push them for sociopolitical participation and on the other hand; they can affect legislative and executive branches in their process of decision making. I will review the literature of interest groups, religious organizations, and policy-making models to explain the process of decision making and the factors that affect these procedures. Then I consider the effect of these Muslim institutions on the process of decision making in the U.S. and explain the relationship between these interest groups and policymakers in the U.S.
۱۰.

Uncovering Domains of Novice Language Teachers’ Professional Decision Making and Pedagogical Reasoning(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Teacher professional practice novice teachers pedagogical reasoning Decision-making

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۵۱ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۴
Decision-making and pedagogical reasoning constitute the foundation of teacher professional practice. This qualitative study was conducted to explore novice Iranian EFL teachers’ professional decision-making and pedagogical reasoning in the three domains of (1) planning and preparation, (2) classroom management, and (3) professional responsibilities during the three phases of pre-active, interactive, and post-active teaching. Data from two sources including scenarios and audio journals revealed five novice teachers’ decisions in each domain and their relevant reasoning. Decisions in the first domain were discovered to embody teachers’ choices about materials, teaching methods, and assessment. In the second domain, teachers’ decisions were focused on management, flexibility, and accountability. In the third domain, their decisions were aimed at professional interaction and professional development. Moreover, a new decision domain, ‘dispositions’, was discovered, which comprised novice teachers’ choice of ethical conduct, care, and accountability. This led to the introduction of a new phase of teaching, beyond-active, which greatly influenced all other decision domains and teaching phases. Additionally, novice teachers’ pedagogical reasoning was uncovered to stem from their knowledge, skills, and personality attributes. These findings suggest that knowledge about teachers’ decisions and underlying reasoning provides insights into the scope of their professional knowledge and practice.
۱۱.

The role of government decisions on regional development with the approach spatial planning and sustainable development(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Power Government Decision-making governance structure Regional Development

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۶ تعداد دانلود : ۳۳
Power as an institution, governance as structure and spatial organization is considered as an organizational tool in the service of the goals and aspirations of the institutions of power and governance structure. In this framework the spatial organization and geographic environment is a result of social organization (social, economic, political), and its natural and ecological system. Human authoritarianism can be the most fundamental strategies and mechanisms of social-biological will be considered in forming this relationship. This needs to be a strategy used by individuals and organizations, and apply to the exercise of power on the part of the space and its contents. The metropolitan centers are concentration of wealth, power, culture, and management and local, national and global forces. Therefore, special interest of organizations and the power forces to this phenomenon and the desire to intervene in the organization of functional, spatial can be expected in order to use most of the resources and opportunities. Urban society today is filled with many actors who each act according to their interests. Today the spatial function distribution can be considered the most important challenges of metropolitan governance. Thus, the efficiency and effectiveness of metropolitan governance structure depends on the acceptance of functional diversity in the metropolitan area and its reflection in the form of metropolitan governance. The new project of the government - the nation insisted on the unity and similarity more than difference and diversity. The emergence of multiculturalism as a political force is an indication of the failure of city project and future areas must to develop diversity and differences through democratic cultural pluralism. This paper presents an analytical method and aims to answer these questions: Whether it can be constructed such a regional city? What is the basic requirement for this a regional city? It seems principles of social justice (Principles that must fuse with the issues of planning and urban governance), such a difference and discrimination, citizenship, community and civic culture are minimum requirements to create a new system of urban civilization.
۱۲.

استقلال مدیران شرکت های تجاری از اِنگاره تا واقعیت (مطالعه تطبیقی در نظام حقوقی ایالات متحده آمریکا، انگلستان و ایران)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Independence Decision-making Ingroup bias Company Directors استقلال تصمیم گیری تعصب درون گروهی شرکت مدیران

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۸ تعداد دانلود : ۵۲
 منظور از استقلال مدیران، توانایی تفکر و تصمیم گیری آزادانه با در نظر گرفتن منافع شرکت و سهام داران و بدون تأثیر پذیری از عواملی است که باعث ایجاد تضاد منافع با حقوق شرکت می گردد. بی تردید استقلال مدیران به طور قابل توجهی توانسته است کارایی هیئت مدیره شرکت ها را افزایش دهد و در این میان فرض اولیه پیوسته آن بوده که مدیران شرکت های تجاری تنها بر اساس شایستگی های خود و بدون توجه به منافع شخصی یا وابستگی های عاطفی شان، به صورت مستقل تصمیم می گیرند. این مقاله با روش توصیفی – تحلیلی به دنبال آن است تا اثبات نماید که امروزه صحبت از اطلاق فرض استقلال مدیران که در مقام تصمیم گیری برای آن ها تصور شده به دلیل هنجارها، تغییرات و تعصب ساختاری و واقعیت های روان شناختی همچون تفکر گروهی حاکم در هیئت مدیره ها درست نیست و چه بسا مدیران به دلیل وجود تمایل به حفظ جایگاه، علایق مشترک و روابطشان با مدیران دیگر در عمل تمایلی به استناد به این حق خود نداشته باشند