مطالب

This study was intended to explore the Iranian EFL learners’ stance towards Technology-Enhanced Personalized Language Learning (TEPLL) and how it influences language development. Specifically, this study investigated the relationships among learners’ stances towards TEPLL, relating to effectiveness, integration into daily life, autonomy, engagement, and satisfaction, with L2 speaking and writing motivation. It also examined how learners’ stances to the instruction of TEPLL were related to their progress in developing productive skills both in speaking and writing. In addition, instructional facets promoting and inhibiting learners’ progress were highlighted. With 120 EFL Iranian learners from five language institutes in Isfahan, Iran, the present project assigned participants to experimental and control groups with 60 persons each, according to the proficiency levels: pre-intermediate, intermediate, and advanced. Data were collected via a Learning Experience Questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The experimental group received instruction in TEPLL through Speechling for speaking practice and through Moodle for writing practice. The results generally indicated a positive stance towards TEPLL; the learners reported high scores regarding perceived effectiveness, ease of integration, autonomy, engagement, and satisfaction. They also demonstrated more motivation concerning the development of L2 speaking and writing. On the other hand, it established the challenges of technical problems, inadequate content, and poor preparation. Interviews with students showed that TEPLL is an excellent tool for practicing speaking and pronunciation but also brought to the surface the demand for better audio-visual quality, more content volume, and individual support. The findings suggest that while potentially very effective in bettering the language learning of Iranian EFL learners, TEPLL has to be administered with caution, and its administration kept under constant review to reduce the potential challenges. Keywords: Self-determination Theory (SDT), Stance, Technology-Enhanced Personalized Language Learning (TEPLL)

Objectives: This study examines the impact of tax incentives and tax services on taxpayer compliance, with a focus on the moderating role of tax socialization. The research aims to clarify whether tax socialization can enhance the effects of incentives and service quality on tax compliance behavior. Methodology/Design/Approach: The study adopts a causal-correlational research design. The statistical population includes tax auditors and taxpayers in Shiraz County. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings: The results show that both tax incentives and improved tax services have a significant positive effect on taxpayer compliance. Tax socialization also directly and positively influences compliance behavior. However, the moderating role of tax socialization is not supported, indicating that it does not significantly alter the relationship between tax incentives or tax services and taxpayer compliance. Innovation: This study contributes to the existing literature by empirically examining the interconnected effects of tax policy tools and social factors on taxpayer behavior. It provides practical insights for policymakers aiming to promote tax compliance through enhanced services and targeted socialization strategies.

Désert de Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio, représente d’abord l’extermination des hommes bleus du Maroc par la colonie française et ensuite la situation de leur descendante dans le monde contemporain qui souffre toujours de la colonisation des pays occidentaux. La situation conduit les protagonistes des deux récits entrelacés du roman à l’errance. Dans la recherche présente, pour mieux cerner l’errance de ces peuples, eu égard l’univers social du roman, nous nous proposons de recourir à l’approche sociocritique de Pierre V. Zima. Appuyant sur le rôle intermédiaire de la langue, cette méthode nous aide à repérer dans le texte littéraire, les traces de la situation sociale et donc comprendre l’errance dans Désert au niveau textuel. Bien que certains critiques lui reprochent d’être retiré des affaires de son temps, nous pouvons constater le contraire dans son œuvre : il n’est pas indifférent à propos des problèmes sociaux de son époque. Dans son œuvre on peut remarquer l’évocation des événements importants au vingtième et vingt-unième siècles comme les deux Guerres Mondiales, la colonisation, la décolonisation et les révoltes sociaux.

Space and Identity in Cormac McCarthy's Blood Meridian: A Deleuze and Guattarian Reading Abstract This study explores the intricate relationship between space and identity in Cormac McCarthy's Blood Meridian, utilizing the geocritical concepts of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. By examining his novel, the study investigates how the interaction of smooth and striated spaces shapes and reshapes characters' identities. Through the lens of Deleuze and Guattari, the research highlights the fluidity and dynamism of spaces, focusing on the continuous interplay without rigid distinctions between space and place. As the integration of Deleuze and Guattari’s concepts of the war machine, nomad, and rhizome is essential to understanding the influence of space on characters' identity, this study begins with examining these key concepts. The rhizome concept parallels the non-linear, interconnected narrative structures in McCarthy's work in which the nomadic existence of characters underscores their search for meaning and survival in a world of constant flux. Through detailed analysis, this study aims to uncover the ways in which McCarthy's characters grapple with their identities amidst perpetual change, offering a nuanced understanding of the interplay between space and identity in contemporary literature. Keywords: Cormac McCarthy, Blood Meridian, Deleuze and Guattari's Geocriticism, Space, Identity

Speech act theory is a significant issue in comprehending the intricate dynamics of human communication, acting as a guiding light in understanding how language is used to perform actions beyond the literal meanings of words. While traditional frameworks have presented valuable perceptions in classifying speech acts, the evolving nature of communication requires reconsidering and expanding these conventional approaches. The researchers of the current study proposed an innovative framework for speech act classifications, one that exceeds traditional boundaries and embraces the nuanced complexities of modern discourse. Based on seminal works by Austin (1962) and Searle (1969), and also by considering important research by Grice (1975), Levinson (1983), and emerging perspectives represented by Verschueren (1999) and Sbisa (2002), the researchers of this study critically assess current classifications, identifying essential challenges and opportunities in speech act analysis. The proposed framework introduces other categories such as Metaplocutionary Acts, Interlocutionary Acts, and Negotiation Acts, offering a more comprehensive and context-sensitive approach to understanding speech acts. Through interdisciplinary collaboration and empirical validation, the researchers of this study aim to refine and apply this framework across diverse linguistic and cultural contexts, thereby paving the way for a more nuanced and dynamic comprehension of human communication.