مطالب

This study sought to explore the association between English as a foreign language (EFL) students’ foreign language learning boredom (FLB) and foreign language enjoyment (FLE) (i.e., personal enjoyment, teacher appreciation, and social enjoyment) as well as the mediating role of student-perceived teacher humor styles (i.e., affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, and self-defeating). In doing so, we firstly investigated the relationship between 229 (67 male and 162 female) Turkish EFL university students’ FLB, FLE, and perceived teacher humor styles. We then probed to determine whether perceived teacher humor styles predict their FLB and FLE. The results indicated that all three indices of FLE had significant negative correlations with FLB. While affiliative and self-enhancing humor styles were significantly and positively correlated with FLE, they were negatively associated with FLB. Aggressive humor had only a significant negative correlation with the teacher appreciation subscale of FLE whereas self-defeating humor indicated a significant positive correlation with FLB. The results also showed that FLE could negatively predict FLB. Finally, the results of the mediation analysis indicated two significant mediation relationships which were significantly related to FLB through affiliative and self-enhancing humor. Implications are discussed in the context of teacher education.

Introduction: Due to the limited resources and facilities that organizations face, we must first identify and prioritize the factors that are of higher importance to customers and will lead to their satisfaction, and then based on priority and importance. Agents took the necessary measures to provide goods and services that meet the highest degree of customer satisfaction. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to rank the criteria and sub-criteria affecting the decision to buy steel ingots customers and, in this regard, the role of ethical factors has been considered. Material and Methods: The method used in this research is DANP method. The statistical population was experts, business managers and CEOs of companies buying steel ingots, 19 of which were selected by purposive sampling. The analysis tool was an interview and a questionnaire. The data analysis method was Dematel method and drawing their causal diagrams and ranking the factors influencing the decision-making process of steel ingots using ANP method. Results: The results showed that the criterion of economic factors of purchase with a weight of 0.2208 ranked first, the criterion of specific factors of seller with a weight of 0.1998 second, the criterion of ethical factors with a weight of 0.1952 third, the criterion of specific factors of product with a weight of 0.1923 fourth and finally Buying conditions factors with a weight of 0.1919 are ranked fifth. Conclusion: The present study showed that the main factors in customers' purchasing decision include economic factors, seller-related factors, ethical relationship, product-related factors and factors related to purchase conditions