مطالب

Developing economic relations with the countries of the world is necessary for any country, and the nations of the world are always looking to build their business. The expansion of the phenomenon of economic globalization has led states to engage in countries' engagement in pursuing their interests in the form of regional cooperation and the formation of monetary :union:s. Therefore, according to the importance of this issue, the effect of the monetary :union: on bilateral trade is studied using a gravity pattern based on the panel data approach. Also, the factors affecting bilateral trade between selected countries of the world during the period of 1993-2015 are studied. The results of the research show that the effect of a common currency on bilateral trade is positive, which increases trade between countries. Also, the study of variables shows that GDP variables of states and business partners, common currency, race, and standard language have a positive and significant effect on bilateral trade between nations. Real exchange rate variables and trade openness do not affect, and the distance and GDP per capita variables have a negative and significant impact on the flow of trade between the drains. Hence, it is concluded that countries that are adjacent to each other or have common currency would strengthen the trade between themselves, by creating monetary :union:s.

The beginning of the political crisis in Syria, each regional and trans-regional actors have adopted different policies based on their interests and goals in relation to this country. Syria is an exceptional issue for countries in the region and the world's powers like the United States of America, and any transformation in that form might have a fundamental impact on the interests of each of these regional and global powers. Turkey as a regional power and the United States has always been present in the Syrian crisis as a regional power based on its interests. But the United' support of the present groups in Syria has sought to fight ISIS extremists, which Turkey has called for terrorist groups to reduce the US and Turkey relations. The present study was conducted using descriptive-analytic method and using documentation sources to provide a theoretical framework, the question of why Turkey is against United States about the Syrian Kurdish issue? This study investigates the presence of United States in Syria and the support of Kurdish groups, as well as the reaction that Turkey and Iran have been involved in. The findings of this article indicate that the United States support the Kurdish groups in northern Syria has led to conflict of interest between the two countries.

Since 2011, the region has been a profound socio-economic changes originated from n Tunisia, & spread to Middle Eastern and the former power structures affected. The management and direction to these uprisings is the key question of this paper. The key question, is the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran how answer to these Middle East public uprisings in the years 2011-2014? The answer to this question is, Islamic Republic of Iran through the promotion of revolutionary Islam in the region of Middle East, In fact, Iran's strategy towards these developments combined to promote dialogue of resistance against hegemonic and strengthen geopolitical forces aligned with Iran. Thus, on the one hand, Iran has tried to promote revolutionary positions that contradict the intervention of regional powers (Saudi Arabia) and trans-regional (America) and the other hand, Iran, by spiritual support, encouraged the aligned forces to dialogue of resistance to effective involvement in changes. This paper use the method of explanation-analysis

Introduction: This study aimed to review the literature on the role of body composition as arisk factor for injury in an athletic population.Materials and Methods: We searched articles in English in Google Scholar Science direct,PubMed, WOS, Scopus, ProQuest, and Cochrane Library databases without time limit until2020 using keywords related to "body composition" and "sports injury".Results: Considering criteria including inclusion and exclusion, 10 papers out of 1322 studieswere comprehensively reviewed. It was found that body composition components are relatedto musculoskeletal injuries in the athletic population. Body mass index, weight and bonedensity are known as risk factors in the development of sports injuries.Conclusion: This systematic review provides preliminary evidence of the relationship between body composition and prediction of injury in athletes. Defects in various aspects ofbody composition were recognized as potential risk factors for lower extremity injuries.Likewise, body composition should be considered when screening athletes.