مطالب

In this study, we make an effort to look at the Resilience of Islamic banks across Pakistan along with how particular banking variables influence their resilience. The data set used for this study is made up of Pakistani Islamic banks from 2015 to 2021. Employing the VOLARE index, it is apparent that Meezan Bank has higher resilience compared to other Islamic banks. Regression approaches were additionally used to assess the association between banking-specific variables and bank resilience. Given that the bulk of Islamic banks have witnessed gains in recent years, the bank size showed a positive and substantial relationship in the estimation. Additionally, as prudential laws have been strengthened by the state bank of Pakistan, the capital adequacy ratio and leverage ratio also found significant and beneficial connections in the model's results. Nevertheless, the regression analysis demonstrated an adverse relationship between the leverage ratio, the non-performing loan ratio, and inflation. This study offers information that will help practitioners, scholars, and researchers to strengthen the economic and financial sources regarding the resilience of Islamic institutions.

The environment of the seas is one of the global concerns, the effects and consequences of which cannot be hidden in the political, economic,and security fields of the coastal countries or all the governments of the world.This is because today most of the countries of the world benefit directly or indirectly from the benefits of the seas.Based on this, the concern of the present research is to be able to address the responsibility of the coastal states in protecting the environment of the seas by relying on the principle of participation.The question of the current research is,what are the solutions to make the coastal states responsible for the area of the marine environment?In line with this question,the findings of the present research have shown that making the coastal states responsible requires creating a balance between the economic interests of the states and environmental groups.Also,relying on scientific and research findings concerning the opinion of experts,the principles of international maritime law,and also modeling some regional treaties such as European maritime laws or restrictions imposed by the Australian government,is a suitable support for Identifying the rights and duties of coastal states. Also,the participation of the coastal states automatically and with their supervision is not a solution. This is because the coastal states have interests in marine resources, and in return, the role of non-governmental organizations, civil society, and free media should be taken into account to identify the environmental problems of the seas and also provide solutions from them citing cases of pollution, the contribution of each government and The amount of responsibility of that government is specific. In the current research, due to the critical nature of the topics, the theoretical framework of problem-solving, which originates from critical theory, was used. Also, the research method is descriptive and analytical using library tools.