مطالب

This descriptive research was conducted using the systematic review method to investigate the position of digital leisure in Iran. The statistical population of this study consisted of all the theses, dissertations, and articles published in Iran. After searching, screening, and the qualitative evaluation of the research studies, 283 research were selected for the study. A researcher-developed data collection form was used to review the studies. The results indicate that the process of the production and publication of research studies in the area of digital leisure goes back to 2001, and it has been in progress since then. 84% of these research studies were conducted in the 2010s. The geographical distribution of these studies includes 25 provinces across Iran. 66% were journal articles and the remaining 34% were in the form of theses. 77% of the research studies adopted the quantitative approach, while 23% were qualitative and mixed-method studies. The analysis and the interpretation of the findings showed that a large body of theoretical literature and the main concepts used in the research emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of digital leisure and its special application in sports, education, culture, social sciences, economy, entertainment, and psychology. As a result, all three groups of managers, producers, and researchers must approach this area more than ever before from an applied perspective for the proper utilization of the cultural, economic, educational, and athletic aspects of digital leisure.

Cancer has traditionally been conceptualized as a solely somatic disease; however, emerging evidence underscores the extent to which its treatment and lived experience are profoundly mediated by spatial factors. This study undertakes a qualitative meta-synthesis of interdisciplinary literature to critically examine how diverse spatial environments—architectural, relational, ecological, and symbolic—constitute integral dimensions of cancer care. Drawing on empirical and theoretical contributions from psycho-oncology, environmental psychology, nursing science, and therapeutic design, the analysis advances the argument that space operates not as a passive setting but as an active co-constituent shaping physiological, psychological, and existential outcomes. The synthesis reveals that therapeutic architecture, relational closeness, ecological embeddedness, and symbolic spatial cues significantly affect patient well-being, caregiver capacity, and the efficacy of care delivery systems. These findings challenge the prevailing biomedical paradigms that marginalize spatial determinants and instead support the adoption of a relational-material framework for understanding and enhancing care. Spatial dimensions of healing—encompassing safety, familiarity, identity reinforcement, and continuity—are shown to promote resilience and agency, particularly within vulnerable settings such as home-based palliative care and survivorship programs. The paper concludes by emphasizing the imperative for spatial literacy within oncology education, practice, and policy. It calls for a reconceptualization of care environments that bridges the gap between empirical insights and clinical implementation, thereby advancing a model of cancer care that is ethically grounded and spatially responsive.