مطالب

Background: Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) is a new neuro-modulatory technique.Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a-tDCS on dynamic balance after exhaustion.Material and Methods: Fifteen endurance-trained men voluntarily attended five separate sessions. In the first session, Maximal aerobic speed (MAS) was measured. Then, the participants were randomly assigned to four different conditions: 1. Mental fatigue (MF)+a-tDCS, 2. MF+sham (s-tDCS), 3. a-tDCS, and 4. s-tDCS. In each session, after dynamic balance measurement, the participants were exposed to the conditions and received 20 min of anodal tDCS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Then, the participants performed a submaximal endurance activity at 70% of MAS until exhaustion. Immediately after exhaustion, dynamic balance was measured again.Results: After exhaustion, the dynamic balance of the right leg under the a-tDCS condition was significantly higher than the MF+s-tDCS (P= 0.008). The dynamic balance significantly decreased from pre- to post-test in MF+s-tDCS and s-tDCS conditions (P= 0.0001). In the left leg, the dynamic balance under the a-tDCS condition was significantly higher than MF+s-tDCS (P= 0.025).Conclusions: Anodal stimulation of the DLPFC could be beneficial for the dynamic balance and may have a protective effect against the negative consequence of exhausting activity on the dynamic balance in endurance-trained men.

Bien que les enseignants de langues aient souvent émis des critiques à l'encontre de l'utilisation de la traduction comme outil d'apprentissage, cette pratique est très répandue chez les apprenants de langues étrangères et secondes. Toutefois, les recherches portant sur le rôle de la traduction dans l'apprentissage des langues et le développement des stratégies d'apprentissage ont été relativement peu nombreuses jusqu'à présent. L'objectif de la présente étude est d'explorer l'impact de la traduction sur l'élargissement des stratégies d'apprentissage des langues étrangères chez les apprenants eux-mêmes. Pour atteindre cet objectif, un questionnaire en six sections comprenant 30 items a été préparé et validé. Le questionnaire a été distribué aux apprenants de français langue étrangère. Après avoir collecté les données, les résultats ont montré que, du point de vue des apprenants du français langue étrangère, la traduction contribue à élargir davantage les stratégies d'apprentissage directes. Les résultats ont également montré que l'utilisation de la traduction, du point de vue des apprenants, développe des stratégies affectives, sociales et métacognitives, par ordre de priorité, parmi les stratégies d'apprentissage indirectes. Le recours à la traduction peut aider les apprenants de langues étrangères à développer leurs compétences cognitives, de mémoire et de compensation, dans cet ordre, parmi les stratégies d'apprentissage directes. Les résultats de cette étude permettent aux enseignants de langues d'identifier les croyances et les stratégies des apprenants, ce qui est essentiel pour adapter les stratégies d'enseignement et favoriser un apprentissage plus efficace. .

2023 marked the 50th anniversary of the US-backed military coup that overthrew the democratically elected government of Salvador Allende in Chile, and installed a military junta led by General Augusto Pinochet. It also marked the 70th anniversary of the US-backed coup against Mohammed Mossadegh in Iran. Beyond the parallels of Western intervention directed against sovereign governments, and the imposition of authoritarian US-client regimes, the fact is that Pinochet’s rule signaled a period of closer ties between Chile and the Pahlavi regime. From the establishment of a Chilean embassy in Tehran in 1974, cooperation even reached the field of state terror both at home and overseas, as the Chilean secret police reached SAVAK for advice on repression and Pinochet agents offered collaboration in chasing some of the Shah’s enemies abroad. The triumph of the Islamic Revolution in 1979 put an end to Chilean-Iranian cooperation and diplomatic relations. The Chilean military industry then supported Saddam’s war against Iran by providing weapons to the Iraqi regime - including cluster munitions. Through declassified documents from the Chilean Foreign Ministry, as well as findings by journalistic research, those connections and exchanges, little known by the peoples of both countries, are revisited.

Through an epistemological lens, this article asserts that the dawn of the internet of data (IoD) era marks a profound shift in our understanding of human existence, one that challenges the notion of modern man as a singular and distinct entity. Delving deeper, the analysis presents an ontological exploration of the transition from a human-centric approach of the 19th and 20th centuries to the added-value man of the 21st century, examining the ideological underpinnings of concepts such as the Information Society and Society 5.0 respectively as representatives of the above two insights. In particular, the article meticulously dissects the stance of each approach towards humanity, highlighting the paradigm shift in our perception of the human experience. This piece offers an insightful commentary on the evolution of our understanding of human nature, encouraging us to rethink our place in the rapidly changing digital landscape.

In this article, I have tried to provide a comprehensive understanding of fundamental differences, historical evolution, and societal implications of analog and digital technologies. Analog technology, characterized by continuous signal representations of physical quantities, is contrasted with digital technology's binary nature. While digital technologies have surged in popularity, reshaping entire industries and daily life, analog technologies persist in niche applications. The historical narrative traces the digital revolution's inception from the introduction of the ENIAC computer in the 1940s to the miniaturization enabled by transistors in the 1950s. Mainframe computers, microprocessors, and the advent of personal computers in the 1970s and 1980s are pivotal milestones. The internet's emergence in the late 20th century and the proliferation of smartphones in the 21st century further demonstrate digital technology's transformative impact. I have also presented a case to show how digital and analog watches might have social and cultural implications, far beyond their technological nature.