درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The purpose of this research is to explain time based on the constructivist view of substantive motion. This activity has been done in a deconstruction manner. It is the deconstruction, re-reading, and analysis of any subject by decentralizing it and achieving dimensions of the subject that are often overlooked. In general, theories of time are divided into two categories: theories of substantive change, which consider change to be related only to the appearances and names and the superficial layers of the system and all its phenomena, and theories that consider time made by the substantive motion and fundamental change and evolution of phenomena. By challenging the themes in the view of the change of nature, the space was paved for the view to emerge on the constructivism of the transcendent purposeful substantive motion. According to the constructivist approach of purposeful substantive motion, all phenomena of existence, and especially human beings, are moving in the path of the Creator according to their need and poverty. The centralization of the approach to the constructivism of the substantive motion has implications for education. Thus, education is more and more a religious nature and according to the substantive motion, the universe, based on its inherent nature, needs a stimulus that is being created and invented every moment in order to be able to form a momentary identity of the world and man. And the accidental world is an inherent occurrence (not a time occurrence).

The Holy Qur'an is a complete and comprehensive heavenly book from God Almighty, which has been given the attention and reflection of thinkers and scholars of the Qur'an with the aim of meeting the needs of mankind in every age. The purpose of the present research is to answer the question of the feasibility of entering the Qur'an in the field of science and its quality. The research method is analytical-descriptive and with a view on the practical interaction of the Qur’an with other sciences. One of the innovations of the research is a special look at the amount of Qur’anic teachings entering different fields of science. The results of the research estimates show that this interaction is an obvious matter in theoretical sciences such as: jurisprudence, principles of jurisprudence, literature, history, economics, physics and in the field of experimental sciences such as: agricultural and animal husbandry sciences, natural resources and environment, zoology, botany and Chemistry, as a stream-creating matter, a pattern and a guiding line in the direction of the perfection of science and, accordingly, in the direction of the happiness of human beings.  

Ijtihad from the Qur'an and Hadith can have two approaches: One: The conditions that individuals need to reach the stage and power of ijtihad. Two: the conditions that mujtahids face for ijtihad in a religious context; that is, the existence or non-existence is the ground of the possibility of definitive ijtihad from the religious text. A healthy and acceptable ijtihad must fully meet the requirements of both approaches; and disruption in any of these circumstances can overshadow the certainty of religious ijtihad. The current interpretation of the propositions of the Qur'an and Hadith relies heavily on the ijtihad of lexicographers two centuries after the life of the Prophet. Thus, in spite of this historical rupture of the word and the absence of numerous all-contemporary dictionaries of the Prophet, there is no requirement that the lexical ijtihad of two centuries after the Prophet, as we now use it, be one with the spiritual reality of the language of early Islam. Therefore, even if the mujtahids of religious texts are correct in their personal ijtihad, because the conditions for interpreting the text are not available. The current interpretation of the text and propositions of the Qur'an and their hadith is basically uncertain; and at most, it is suspicious.