درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

If we want to talk about the philosophy of religion with an Islamic approach, we must clarify what are its differences and similarities with the conventional philosophy of religion in the West. For this purpose, in this paper, the meaning of comparative philosophy and its obstacles, possibilities, necessities, and benefits will first be investigated. After that, it will be shown what considerations should be taken into account in order to have a comparative philosophy. Then, we will show how to have a philosophy of religion with an Islamic approach and what differences and similarities this type of philosophy of religion has with the Western philosophy of religion. Following that, some hermeneutic considerations for this philosophical comparison will be mentioned, and afterward, it will be shown how the Christian background of Western philosophy of religion has affected it. Finally, we will review some of the main subjects of the philosophy of religion if it is to be rationally evaluated with the foundations of Islamic thought to show what differences it has with the conventional Western philosophy of religion.

Tafsīr-e-Kashshāf is one of the most important interpretations that has been considered by most commentators of the Qur’an. From Zamakhsharī’s point of view, the science of semantics and expression is the most important and necessary knowledge for the interpretation of the Qur’an. In his view, not only with the help of this science, the rhetorical aspects of the Qur’an are known, but also the subtleties and beauties of the Qur’an are known only in the light of this knowledge. According to Zamakhsharī, the most delicate and precise topics of rhetorical sciences are the industry of Takhyīl (i.e. some kind of imagination), without which the interpretation and understanding of the verses of the Qur’an is not possible. The industry of Takhyīl is a kind of compound simile that is used to depict wonderful meanings and indescribable concepts that cannot be explained by a simple description. Zamakhsharī, while considering the verses of the Qur’an as miracles, eloquence and rhetoric, does not count all the verses as rhetoric on the same level. Zamakhsharī has tried to prove the legitimacy of his religion by interpreting the verses of the Qur’an. Zamakhsharī has opened a new horizon in the subject of Qur’anic rhetoric and has been able to introduce new points and materials on the topics that Abdul Qāhir Jurjānī (d. 471 AH) has invented about the rhetoric and meanings of the miracles of the Qur’an.