درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The outbreak of COVID-19 has profoundly affected people's daily lives, and caused various challenges. Interactions of spouses has been one of the most important dimensions of life affected by these changes. The aim of this study was to identify the dimensions of women's experience of couple interactions during the restrictions imposed during COVID-19 pandemic. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and a phenomenological method. The participants included 11 married women in Tehran who, during the restrictions caused by COVID-19, spent most of their time at home with their husbands. Data were collected using semi-structured and in-depth interviews. The data obtained from the interviews were coded and analyzed using the Colaizzi's method. The data were categorized into 18 sub-themes and three main themes. The findings showed that the potential of a couple relationship in crises can be such that individuals spontaneously do things to reduce the tensions in a way that this not only reduces the amount of stress, but also enriches their relationship. Women who had such an experience saw the forced situation of being together as a good opportunity to fix their relationship. But the spouses who did not have a normal couple relationship and did not have the necessary skills to repair the gaps and there has been tension, disconnection or overlapping roles and transgression of boundaries in their relationship, would make the gap in the relationship deeper with inappropriate reactions; therefore, this period has led to more conflicts for them.

The aim of this study was to compare the personality traits and defense styles of students (girls) with high and low academic performance in Ardabil city in the academic year of 2020-2021.The research method is causal-comparative In this regard, the number of students with high educational performance of 30 people and students with low educational performance were selected as well as 30 students using a multi - stage cluster sampling method. To collect research data, the five-factor personality test (short form) and the defense styles questionnaire of Andrews et al. were used. To analyze the collected data using SPSS-20 software, descriptive statistical methods including mean and standard deviation were used and also standby statistical methods including multivariate analysis of variance were used. The results showed that there is a significant difference between students with high and low academic performance in some personality traits and defense styles so that. The students with high academic performance in the personality traits of extra version (p<0.044) and conscientiousness (P <0.45) got higher scores and students with low academic performance in the personality traits of neuroticism got higher scores. The results also showed that in developed defense styles students with high academic performance (P <0.012) had higher scores and the students with low academic performance in underdeveloped defensive styles (P <0.013) and psychotic defensive styles. Got higher scores. Therefore, according to the findings of the study, it can be concluded that personality traits and defensive styles have a decisive role in students' academic performance.

An intellectually disabled child has some negative effects on parents' mental health. Social Perspective-taking is one of the variables that affects mothers of intellectually disabled children. The present study aims to compare the effectiveness of Brief Self-Regulation Couple Therapy and spiritual therapy on the social perspective-taking of mothers with the intellectually disabled children . This was an experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population consisted of all mothers with intellectually disabled students in Tehran 14^th district, selected by simple random sampling and divided into three Brief Self-Regulation Couple Therapy (n = 10), Spirituality Therapy (n = 10) and control (n = 10) groups. The data collection tool was Social Perspective-Taking Scale. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS-24 statistical software. Analyzing the data showed that both methods of Brief Self-Regulation Couple Therapy and spiritual therapy, affect the social Perspective-taking of mothers with intellectually disabled children. In addition, the results of comparing the two methods showed that spirituality therapy is more effective than Brief Self-Regulation Couple Therapy on the social Perspective-taking of mothers with intellectually disabled children. Regarding the effectiveness of Brief Self-Regulation Couple Therapy, both methods can be used to improve Mothers' social Perspective-taking with intellectually disabled children.

The present study was conducted on female students of Allameh Tabataba'i University to predict Internet addiction through a seven-factor Cloninger model. The statistical population of the study consisted of all female students of Allameh Tabataba'i University studying in the academic year 2019-2020. Moreover, a sample population of 150 people was selected through the convenience sampling method. Young's Internet Addiction Test and Cloninger’s Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-125) were administered to the sample population. The data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation test, multiple regression. Results of Enter regression indicated that persistence dimension (b=-0.355) could account for 18.6% of variances of Internet addiction. The results of stepwise regression showed that persistence (b=-0.349) could predict 12.2% of variances of Internet addiction. Then, self-directedness was added to the prediction model which increased the explained variances of Internet addiction up to 15.4% of which 3.2% accounts particularly for self-directedness. This study may contribute to more accurate identification of involved factors in this phenomenon and provide a proper approach for prevention and treatment in line with those focused on evaluating the effective factors on Internet addiction.

Coronavirus pandemic has caused people a lot of anxiety in the past two years. The present study aims at predicting Coronavirus anxiety level based on mindfulness and resilience. It is applied research in terms of the goal; and methodologically, it is descriptive correlational research. Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) as well as The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISD) are employed to gather the data. The participants of the study include all Rahman Institute of Higher Education students in the academic year 2020-2021. A total of 260 (147 male and 113 female) students are chosen based on convenience sampling for whom the questionnaires are administered on-line. Statistical data analysis is based on regression analysis. The results of the multiple liner regression show that 12 percent of variance in COVID 19 anxiety is related to two of the mindfulness facets as observing and acting with awareness (p<0.01). Additionally, 19.6 percent of variance in COVID 19 anxiety is determined by mindfulness. Therefore, it is concluded that the facet of observing and resilience are related to less COVID 19 anxiety and acting with awareness is in connection with more COVID 19 anxiety in people