درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Educational self-efficacy and its relationship with learners' different psychological traits can have a tremendous effect on the success or failure of the students. Thus, the present research sought to investigate whether academic self-efficacy has an effect on the students' stress derived from the education expectations based on such mediating factor as the difficulty of emotion regulation. The research method was descriptive-correlational based on structural equations. The statistical population consisted of all 800 junior female high-school students, 9th grade, from 16 State schools in the third district of Tehran. To decide on the sample size according to the number of observed variables, assigning a coefficient of 25 for each (7 variables in the model), and taking the possibility of incomplete questionnaires into account, 200 people were chosen by cluster sampling method. The data were gathered using three questionnaires: self-efficacy (Jinks & Morgan, 1999), difficulty in emotion regulation (Gross & John, 2003), and educational expectation (Ang & Huan, 2006). Using the structural equation modelling, the data analysis revealed that educational self-efficacy and difficulty in emotion regulation had a direct and significant effect on the stress caused by educational expectations. Also, an indirect effect of educational self-efficacy with the mediation of difficulty in emotion regulation was captured and the research model was revealed to predict 63% of the stress variable due to educational expectations. The study revealed the importance of cognitive factors in explaining the stress caused by academic expectations.

This study aimed to assess the effect of spiritual therapy on psychological resilience and the spiritual well-being of caring for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test post-test design with control and intervention groups. The statistical population of the study included all caregivers of patients, who were referred to Tehran's hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic, for treatment between June and September 2021. Thirty caregivers who were willing to participate in the research were selected as the sample using purposive sampling and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Each group of caregivers consisted of 15 individuals. Both experimental and control groups underwent a pretest on Conner & Davidson's (CD-RISC) Resiliency questionnaire and Spiritual well-being scale (SWBS). The experimental group received fourteen sessions of spiritual therapy (90-minute sessions twice a week), but the control group did not receive any spiritual therapy. In addition to descriptive statistics, Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyze the results and all analyzes were carried out using SPSS-18 software. Findings indicated that spiritual therapy showed a significant difference in the results among the two groups (P<0.001). Results showed significantly increased psychological resilience and the spiritual well-being mean scores of the caregivers in the experimental group compared to the control group after the intervention. Consequently, it is beneficial to implement practices to promote the psychological resilience and spiritual well-being of caregivers. This study provides important implications for clinical practice.

The present study investigated the role of emotional self-regulation about social support and psychological well-being in health care workers in the COVID‐19 pandemic. This was a descriptive-analytical study followed by a correlational design. This cross-sectional research was conducted on HCWs (medical, nursing, and volunteer COVID-19 workers) who worked in hospitals or clinic centers in Tehran, Iran from May–to August 2020. A total of 146 HCWs were selected using the random method. Research instruments included the Demographic information questionnaire, The Emotional Self-Regulation Inventory (SRI), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), AND The Ryff's scale of Psychological well-being, short-form (18-item). The collected data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and the path analysis technique in SPSS (version 25) and SmartPLS (version 2) software. The bootstrapping test findings showed the direct effect of social support on psychological well-being was statistically confirmed (b =0.40, t=2.44) and the indirect effect or the full mediator effect of emotional self-regulation in the relationship between social support on psychological well-being was found to be significant (b =0.25, t=2.94). Thus, the full mediator role of emotional self-regulation in the relationship between social support on psychological well-being has been proven. The total effect of social support on psychological well-being was confirmed (b =0.65, t=2.79). These findings contribute to behavioral science knowledge and understanding of emotion regulation in enhancing social support and well-being during this pandemic and beyond.

The present study was an attempt to investigate the relationship between teachers’ sense of burnout and students’ language achievement in their online classes. To this end, 40 male and female English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers and 100 EFL learners were randomly selected from both public schools and private language institutes. The Oxford Placement Test (OPT) and MBI-ES questionnaire were employed as the instruments of the present study. The researcher distributed MBI-ES questionnaire among the teacher participants and also used OPT test and gave it to 100 students of each class in order to measure their achievement and their language performance. The present study used Pearson correlation in order to find the correlation between the aforementioned variables. Then, after collecting the data about the two above-mentioned variables, the results revealed that there is no significant relationship between teachers’ sense of burnout and students’ language achievement during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Objective:  The goal of this study was to find out, through qualitative research, how high school parents see the pros and cons of online education during the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods: The sample for the present study included several of mothers of male and female Tehran high school students. For data analysis, Braun and Clarke's (2021a) thematic analysis model-based methodology was utilized. Results: The data revealed a comprehensive theme composed of two major themes, one with six sub-themes and the other with two sub-themes: 1) psychological capital with self-others care, self-efficacy beliefs, psychological resilience, hope, coping measures, and self-loving causal attributions sub-themes; and 2) technological capital with technology ethics and cultural literacy of technology sub-themes. Conclusion:  In addition, both practical and theoretical implications for the parental character strengths model were examined.

Applying supportive policies by the organization towards human resources can provide a suitable basis for creating mutual benefits. On one hand, this issue will affect their behavioral and functional approaches, and on the other hand, it will determine the type of their perceptions towards the job. Accordingly, in this research, the impact of social support on the job performance of employees by considering the role of job enrichment and innovative work behaviors has been investigated. The statistical population of this research included physical education managers of Iranian universities which 333 people participated in it according to the rule of at least five times the number of statements and with the convenience sampling method. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire taken from reliable sources including innovative work behaviors scale by De Jong & Den Hartog, (2010), job performance scale by Chirumbolo & Areni, (2010), perceived social support by scale Mack & Rhineberger-Dunn, (2019) and job enrichment scale by Vijay & Indradevi, (2015) and data analysis and hypothesis testing has been done by using the structural equation modeling technique with the partial least squares approach in the PLS software. The research findings indicate that social support has a significant and positive effect on innovative work behaviors, job enrichment and job performance. There is a positive and significant relationship between innovative work behaviors and job enrichment with job performance. Job enrichment and innovative work behaviors play a mediating role in the relationship between social support and job performance.

Aim: the present paper aims at investigating the mediating role of marital conflict about work-family conflict and working women’s job burnout. Method: this research is a descriptive-correlation study. The sample includes 200 women working in Tehran hospitals in 1400, who were chosen through convenient sampling method. In order to collect data, a questionnaire about work-family conflict, job burnout, and marital conflict was used. Moreover, in order to analyze the data, Pearson’s coefficient of correlation was used and AMOS-24 and SPSS-25 were used for path analysis. Results: results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between marital conflict and job burnout (β=0.391, P˂0.001). Work-family conflict also has a significant positive relationship with marital conflict (β=0.221, P˂0.001). According to regression and path analysis, work-family conflict cannot prognosticate job burnout on its own and can express job burnout changes through marital conflict (β=0.086, P˂0.001). Conclusion: due to their traumatic workplace, working women fall under the influence of work stress, which shall lead to job burnout if marital conflict heightens.

the special conditions of children with autism spectrum disorder; they should benefit from exercising in their lives. Unfortunately, due to the unfamiliarity and the lack of suitable conditions, the ground to participate in sport activities for this group of people in the society is not well prepared. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to identify strategies and express the consequences of teaching sports activities to children with autism spectrum disorder. Methods: The present research carried out in 2023 via using a qualitative style based on a phenomenological approach and in the Collaizi method. Research Participants included: children with autistic disorder and their parents, sport instructors with the experience of working with autistic children, university faculty members in the psychology department, sport management, motor behavior, and autism therapists, from whom a sample of 17 people was selected. For the final validation of the research, the validity and reliability criteria were applied. Results: In the end, 87 final concepts were identified, including 7 main contents: motivational, environmental, individual, instructors’, communication, social, and parental awareness; and its consequences entail 5 main contents of motor, physical, psychological, behavioral and social development. Conclusion: The results of the research will help to plan the proper inclusion of sport programs in the daily schedule of children suffering from autism, and finally the improvement of the physical and mental condition of this group of people in the society will be achieved.