درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: Considering the role and importance of professional ethics in all organizations, including educational organizations, the purpose of this study was designing a pattern of extra-organizational professional ethics of deputies and heads of education districts. Methodology: The present study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was combined (qualitative and quantitative). The research population in both qualitative and quantitative sections were deputies and heads of education districts of Tehran city in 2018-19 academic years, which The sample size in the qualitative section according to the principle of theoretical saturation was estimated 20 people who were selected by purposive sampling method and the sample size in the quantitative section according to Cochran's formula was estimated 113 people who were selected by cluster random sampling method. The research instruments were semi-structured interview and researcher-made questionnaire whose psychometric properties were confirmed. Data were analyzed by methods of coding and exploratory factor analysis. Findings: The results of the qualitative section showed that extra-organizational professional ethics included 71 indicators in 14 categories of professional, ethical or normative, ethical knowledge, organizational strategies, education, managerial factors, resources, institutionalization, evaluation, staff, organizational culture, structure factors, organizational procedures or regulations and development of individual and organizational professional ethics. Also, the results of the quantitative section showed that extra-organizational professional ethics included 40 items in 9 factors of self-efficacy, scientific responsibility, individual ethics, managerial factors, organizational factors, job ethics, extra-organizational factors, social responsibility and belonging to scientific social, which two factors of self-efficacy and belonging to scientific social were removed from the pattern due to a factor load of less than 0.40. Finally, the pattern of extra-organizational professional ethics of deputies and heads of education districts was designed. Conclusion: According to the designed pattern of extra-organizational professional ethics of the deputies and heads of education districts, to promote the extra-organizational professional ethics in them can be improved the identified categories.

Different communities have been involved with the dangers of drugs from long ago, and the variety of the drugs is increasing day by day; especially when the drugs became industrial, and new drug called “psychedelic drug” was created with the various effects on the individuals’ mind and will. Hence, different legal systems deal with different types of crimes related to these drugs with different approaches. The criminal policy governing drug crimes primarily focuses on the government's responses, both criminal and non- criminal, but the role of organs and NGOs is significant in the field of prevention and treatment of non-drug responses. The relative decimation of addiction, the participation of NGOs in the treatment of drug addicts and the drug rehabilitation, the perpetrator of industrial psychotropic drugs, and the reduction of the confiscation of the perpetrator’s entire property to the property derived from crime, cooperation with the other countries in the prosecution of drug crimes, the guarantee for the implementation of the cancellation of the passport for perpetrators and the intensification of the punishment of the heads and perpetrators of drug crimes from the cases of the 2010 Amendment of the Counter Narcotics Law, have the influenced of the general anti-narcotics policies adopted in 2006, as well as international documents. Contrary to Iran pathology approach, it is possible to use social and non-repressive punishments for some minor drug crimes in the UK's legal system.

Abstract Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the Comparison of Personality characteristics and Clinical syndrome owners Pets keeper and People without Pets. Methodology: The research method was causal-comparative. The statistical population included all pets and non-domestic animals resident in the 20th district of Tehran in 2018. The sample consisted of 160 individuals with pets (80) and non-pets (80) who were selected based on available sampling. Measurement tool was McCrae and Costa's Personality characteristics questionnaire (1992) and clinical checklist Drogates and colleagues (1973). Data analysis was carried out through questionnaire implementation through spss22 software in two descriptive and inferential sections (Multivariable Analyze of Variance). Findings: The results showed that the difference between the two groups was significant in all personality traits, except for neuroticism. According to the comparison of the averages, it is evident that pet owners and owners have extraversion, less openness to experience, duty, and acceptability than non-pet animals. Also, the results of multivariate analysis of clinical syndrome showed that the difference between the two groups in all clinical syndromes was significant except for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Conclusion: Regarding the comparison of the averages, it was found that pets owning and having pets have higher levels of physical complaints, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, aggression, paranoid thoughts, and psychosis.