درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Urban retail markets are state-owned retail markets that were recently established in Iran to increase the welfare of consumers and producers. To achieve this goal and expand its presence in the Iranian retail sector, it is essential to gain a comprehensive understanding of consumer behavior within these markets. This study examines the various socio-economic factors influencing consumers' decisions in the retail market by using the C4.5 algorithm. The data were collected using a random sampling method through a survey of 189 consumers, focusing on the population of Mashhad, Iran, during 2019-2020. Results revealed that awareness of available discounts significantly drives consumer choices in urban retail markets. Despite existing discounts, awareness among consumers remains low, suggesting a need to review promotional strategies within the marketing mix. The study also identifies previous purchases from urban markets, household income, and education as influential factors. Findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, market strategists, and stakeholders seeking to enhance the effectiveness of local retail markets in Iran. By leveraging insights into consumer behavior and market dynamics, these markets can thrive, benefiting Iran's retail sector and overall economy. Following the study, recommendations such as enhanced promotional campaigns, education-oriented strategies, loyalty programs, collaborations with local producers, and inclusive marketing policies was made aim to improve access for all consumers to urban retail markets.

In an expansive test of nations over distinctive geographic districts and over a long period of time, we discover restricted nation and variable-specific impacts of central bank straightforwardness on figure exactness and their scattering among an expansive set of proficient figures of monetary and macroeconomic factors. More communication indeed increments estimate mistakes and scattering. So the aim at this study is a systematic review of central bank transparency and capital market reaction. This study was conducted using a systematic review. At first all papers (n=165) related to keywords (capital market reaction and central bank transparency) searched for Persian and English databases; Google, Google scholar, PubMed covering the period from 2012 through 2022 was performed. Then all qualitative and quantitative papers related to central bank transparency selected and analyzed (n=28). As a result to inclusion and exclusion criteria, papers related to central bank transparency were found and analyzed (n=28). Predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were: papers related to central bank transparency, papers were Persian and English, types of papers were original and all the papers were free full text. In the initial search, 165 papers were found that after reviewing the titles and abstract articles and removing repetitive and non-related, 54 possible related articles were investigated. Of these, 31 papers were omitted from the abstract because of lack of access to the original article and lack of sufficient information. Finally, 28 papers were included in the study. There are very few studies that have examined the effect of central bank transparency on capital market turmoil. The effect of central bank transpar-ency on the domestic capital market has not been studied. There is no agreement in the literature on theoretical discussions on whether increasing central bank transparency affects capital market turmoil. In foreign research, we can also refer to the study of Dinser and Eichngreen (2007) who have studied this effect empirically using the main transparency index. The pre-sent systematic review shows that almost whole of papers on central bank transparency and capital market reaction highlighted similar findings con-cerning monetary policy decisions.