درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The purpose of this essay is to analyze the concept of culture in the collection of short stories entitled as Lovely,Deep, Dark and I Am No One You Know by Joyce Carol Oates through Fredric Jameson’s theory of postmodern culture.The portraits of women,men,and children show Oates's compassion for the human life in the modern society.According to Jameson,postmodern culture is the internal and superstructural expression of a whole new wave of American military and economic domination throughout the world: in this sense,as throughout class history, the underside of culture is blood, torture,death, and terror.Lovely,Deep,Dark and I Am No One You Know represent the spot of postmodern man’s struggle with his background and real culture.The stories are associated with an avant-garde movement in which nature is gone and this feature can be seen in all collections of the stories.They create a deconstructed condition in which there is no direct relation between social beings.The setting of the stories reminds the postmodern society which is the metaphor for the current American society with a revolutionized culture.The place that the authors have created in the stories is devoid of natural life and happiness.It is a fabricated place in which the people are programmed like robots.Throughout the stories,the authors represent technological pessimism which refers to the sense of disappointment,anxiety,and menace in subjects due to technological issues.The researcher contributes to identify the main cause of Oates’s attack to her characters in these collections.The main purpose of research paper finds the cause of Oates’s message in postmodern world

Aim: The Ethical and Legal Issues Self-Efficacy in Counseling (ELICSES) has been developed to evaluate counselors' and psychologists' self-efficacy in ethical and legal issues. Psychometric properties of the ELICSES in Iranian counselors and psychologists remain a largely unexplored realm. Method: The present study, therefore, seeks to translate the scale from English to Persian while also investigating the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the ELICSES. Online sampling was utilized to collect data from four hundred and forty-seven counselors, psychologists, and trainees who participated in the study. Ethical and Legal Issues in the Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale and Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale were used in the study. Results: The results of face (all items earned greater than 1.5 except one item (1.2)), content (overall CVI > 0.79, CVR > 0.62), and construct validity (CMIN=3.65, CFI=0.922, RMSE=0.45; also AVE> .5 and CR> .7) indicated that the ELICSES held appropriate validity and reliability. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis confirm the three factors of the ELICSES among Iranian counselors, psychologists, and trainees. Conclusion: These results suggested the validity and reliability of the ELICSES in evaluating self-efficacy when it comes to ethical and legal issues among Iranian counselors, psychologists, and trainees

Applying supportive policies by the organization towards human resources can provide a suitable basis for creating mutual benefits. On one hand, this issue will affect their behavioral and functional approaches, and on the other hand, it will determine the type of their perceptions towards the job. Accordingly, in this research, the impact of social support on the job performance of employees by considering the role of job enrichment and innovative work behaviors has been investigated. The statistical population of this research included physical education managers of Iranian universities which 333 people participated in it according to the rule of at least five times the number of statements and with the convenience sampling method. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire taken from reliable sources including innovative work behaviors scale by De Jong & Den Hartog, (2010), job performance scale by Chirumbolo & Areni, (2010), perceived social support by scale Mack & Rhineberger-Dunn, (2019) and job enrichment scale by Vijay & Indradevi, (2015) and data analysis and hypothesis testing has been done by using the structural equation modeling technique with the partial least squares approach in the PLS software. The research findings indicate that social support has a significant and positive effect on innovative work behaviors, job enrichment and job performance. There is a positive and significant relationship between innovative work behaviors and job enrichment with job performance. Job enrichment and innovative work behaviors play a mediating role in the relationship between social support and job performance.

This paper illustrated in Alice Munro’s selected works the bad condition in which the characters are trapped as a result of their contexualized mind that is confined to limited interpretation in accordance with the Other’s desire, their mental attachment and dependence to Symbolic Order and what it imposes as the only way to think and live. Lacan’s concept of Beauty encapsulated in “act[ing] in conformity with one’s desires” is thought while reading Munro’s writings. It is a socio-ethical reading of Lacan. It was proved socio-ethical reading in psychoanalysis is quite fruitful; it gives the data that its effect goes from individual to society. Lacan’s notion on Symbolic Order was theoretically analyzed to prove how ethical psychoanalysis helps characters awareness. The bad condition illustrates living in Symbolic Order. The characters found it intolerable since unlike Lacanian ethics and Beauty that helps human to live his life in its full,morality in Symbolic Order works for desire of the Other. Symbolic Order subjects the characters to structure of power; the dominant socio-political power that follows “morality of the master” meaning that it determined society’s conventions. Characters have no role in making their life by their own decisions and in conformity with their Real desire. They turn into passive individuals with victim mentality. Relinquishment of one’s own desire results in feeling of guilt and regret. Hence, while characters stand out from the social orders, they experience a neutral stance in which they come to awareness; this neutrality illustrates Beauty in Lacan.