درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

В статье дается обзорное рассмотрение русских драматических и поэтических произведений, путевых записок 1750–1850-х гг., в которых обнаруживаются отражения религиозного миросозерцания, культуры, поэзии, национальных традиций ближневосточных народов. На материале литературы Нового времени показывается присутствие восточных тем и мотивов, в частности, в творчестве М.В. Ломоносова, А.А. Ржевского, В.И. Майкова, а в более поздний период – в произведениях В.А. Жуковского, А.А. Шишкова, А.С. Грибоедова, П.Д. Ознобишина, А.С. Пушкина, А.Г. Ротчева, А.Д. Илличевского, П.Г. Ободовского, Л.А. Якубовича, В.И. Туманского, М.Ю. Лермонтова, В.И. Соколовского. Рассматривается разработка ориентальных мотивов в творчестве А.К. Толстого, Я.П. Полонского, А.Н. Майкова. Речь идет также о путешествиях на Ближний Восток В.Г. Григоровича-Барского, Д.В. Дашкова, А.Н. Муравьева.

Статья посвящена особенностям процесса формирования правовой лексики в русском языке XIV – XVII вв. В ранних источниках древнерусского периода противоправные действия разного рода именуются лексемами обобщенного характера, такими как зло, грех, проказа, пакости, ослушание и т.п. Преступники, совершившие противоправные действия, представлены в источниках ослушниками и злодеями. В дальнейшем преступные действия дифференцируются, причем фиксируется лексическое отражение преступлений, различавшихся по признакам: совершенное против личности или собственности, умышленное – неумышленное, а также совершенное впервые или повторно и др. В статье рассматривается терминология преступлений против собственности. Преступные действия данного свойства обозначаются в правовых текстах лексемами разбой, татьба, грабеж и др. В качестве наименований их субъектов используются существительные разбойник, тать, грабежник и т.п. Важными критериями при наименовании лиц, совершивших кражу, являются место преступления и характер украденного: церковный тать, кромский тать, клетный тать, коневый тать и др. Лексика в статье анализируется с точки зрения происхождения, семантики, процесса терминологизации и сферы употребления.

Nafsat ol-Masdoor is one of the outstanding artificial and technical texts in prose that remained from the Mongol era. This text has not only been mainly written to record historical events, but also, the writer has been intended to explain his biography and problems. The writer uses various literary arts to affect the addressee and one of these components is poetic affection. Affection or sensation as the spiritual background of every artistic work is inner and the most fundamental element in the formation and integration of text. So, studying it seems necessary more than any other element in literary texts. The paper has been aimed at analyzing affection elements in the historical prose of Nafsat ol-Masdoor and studying the poetic nature of the work, in terms of affection presented by it. In the paper, all affectionate approaches have been primarily been studied; then, after a short look at the poetic nature of the historical prose of Nafsat ol-Masdoor , affection element and poetic polishment of it would be studied, in the work. Continuous affection and its high level of coordination in Nafsat ol-Masdoor have made the book exempted from what is considered as pure historical aspect and has created prose poetry so that image element would be completely served in it. The research results have been obtained through library method and based on content analysis.

George James Frazer (1854-1941), the spiritual father of myth-ritual school, was bred up in the British tradition of empiricism. Believing in the evolutionary process of culture, Frazer mainly focused his attention on explaining such epistemic forms of thought as magic, religion and science. Accordingly, while interpreting the processes through which magic leads to religion and finally evolves into science, Frazer noticed the importance of myth and ritual and their position in this process. However, most researchers regard his reasoning in this regard as incoherent and variable. Thus, in this article, the author tries to reconsider the methodology and axioms on which Frazer relies as well as to make clear the position of myth in his anthropological system. The author believes that Frazer’s dual viewpoint about myth’s position results in no way from the attributed incoherency of his thoughts, but in fact his contemplations on intermediate levels, which make possible going from one stage to the other, provides him with an adequate explanation of the position of myth and its relation to ritual. In the end, it is revealed that Frazer thinks of myth as posterior to ritual in the first intermediate level, while prior to ritual in the second intermediate level. Accordingly, analyzing the validity of Frazer’s reasoning as well as his methodological and epistemic viewpoints, the author has put forth a couple of critical suggestion

The purpose of this study is to find out how the two patterns of textual structure act in stylistics, and which one is a more suitable choice for this type of research. The textual structure is a pattern for analysis of the story structure, which is presented as a component of narrative stylistics in the book  Stylistics  (Simpson, 2004). This research is conducted on an anecdote from Manteq ot-Tayr and an anecdote from Masnavi with Bayazid Bastami as the main character. The research methodology includes reviewing 6 stages of Labov's model and reviewing 31 functions and 7 characters of Prop's model on different parts of both anecdotes. The results of the study show that although both mentioned patterns are introduced for reviewing the textual structure of a story, though Labov's pattern for the textual structure is more suitable for analysis of mystical poems, and through its review, various aspects of the context of narrative discourse in an anecdote can be understood, Prop's model is more suitable for analysis of folk tales, and matches more with the structure of those tales. In folk tales, as prop believes, the story starts with wickedness (A), shortcoming or a need (a), and through some actions of the intermediary, it leads to marriage (w) or some other actions that are considered as the ending to the story, which we are not encountered in mystical poems. Hence, the application of the above models, which demonstrates the structure of the story, could be useful in narrative stylistics and Labov’s model is more efficient for mystical poetic anecdotes.  

In this article, the story of Sin , by Jalal Al-e Ahmad, is analytically criticized in a two-sided comprehensive view. Literature is a link between art and thought, and an important part of the ideas visualized in literary texts are social. The story, and especially the short story, is an appropriate genre for expressing the writers' thoughts and thus it is a distinguished context for sociological-literary interdisciplinary research. Generally, the criticism of these works is one-dimensional and one-sided, and usually either literary is examined regardless of the social context, or the former is overlooked at the cost of the latter. Jalal Al-e Ahmad on the one hand, due to his excellent writing and literary skills, and on the other hand, because of the precision, sensitivity, and specificity to social issues, has a special place among the short story writers. In the Sin story of the Se Tar collection, describing the narrator-hero inner characteristics, he has depicted the social conflict and, consequently, the anti-normalization. Gender discrimination, misbeliefs, ignorance of the truth of religion, and, as a result, hypocrisy, and weakness of religiousness, routine life, and stagnation of society are other features depicted in this story.