درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Background : Chronic low back pain (LBP) is one of the most frequent causes of disability in women. Aim: The main purpose of the current study was to compare the effects of yoga, TRX, and exercise-related combination programs on pain and lordosis in women with increased lordosis and LBP. Materials and Methods: In this study, 40 women based on the study's criteria were included in the pre-intervention assessments and randomly divided into three experimental groups (yoga, TRX, and exercise-related combination programs) and control group. At this stage, the lordosis angle of participants was measured using a flexible ruler, and their pain was also measured via the Oswestry Disability Index. Furthermore, the experimental groups performed selected exercises for 60 min/session for three sessions/week for six weeks. Results : Our results demonstrated that there was a statistically significant difference between the yoga, TRX, and exercise-related combination programs in lumbar lordosis ( P = 0.003) and pain levels in women with LBP ( P = 0.007). Also, lumbar lordotic angle showed a significant reduction only in the combined groups subsequent to the period ( P = 0.003). Conclusion : In conclusion, the current findings illustrated that exercise-related combination program than other modalities could be used as an exercise-related treatment method to ameliorate lordosis angle and pain in women with LBP.

Background: Sport heritage is increasingly being recognized as a potent instigator of tourism. The convergence of heritage, sport and tourism involves many different and diverse fields, including sport tourism, heritage tourism, sport management. Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify the effective factors on the development of heritage sports tourism with an interpretive structural modeling approach (ISM). Materials and Methods: The present research is applied, qualitative and analytical in terms of nature and purpose, data retrieval, and data analysis method, respectively based on interpretive structural modeling. Data collection tools in this study were library studies, interview and questionnaire based on interpretive structural modeling. In order to identify the factors affecting the development of heritage sports tourism, with the collective agreement of experts and reviewing the research literature, 16 factors affecting the development of heritage sports tourism were identified. Results: According to the third step of the ISM method, the effective factors on the development of heritage sports tourism were classified into 7 levels and the political and governmental dimensions along with the rule of law were at the lowest level of the model (seventh level); these are prioritized in terms of implementation over other dimensions. As a result, officials and managers in the field of tourism and sports tourism should pay special attention to these dimensions in order to provide the ground for the emergence and realization of other dimensions at higher levels of the model. Finally, based on the analysis matrix of influence and dependence, it was determined that the political and governmental dimensions, rule of law, management and supportive factors are among the influence factors; economic dimensions, socio-cultural factors, infrastructure and welfare services, education and research, specialized human resources, technology, heritage sports tourism attractions, heritage, marketing and information and international relations are among the linking factors; and the dimensions of safety and security, complementary attractions and sporting events are among the dependent factors in this research. Conclusion: According to the results of the model, for the development of heritage sports tourism, there must be a serious determination. In this regard, the policies of a nation must be progressive, and in the first step, government with a decisive role must provide the infrastructure.

Background: Sports Investments is one of the most unique sports events, in the country dealing both with collectors and dealers. Aim : The purpose of this study was to compare the sports investment o Iran in 2016 and 1998. Therefore, we estimate the value of the sports investment sector and share of total investment, GDP, GDSP and compare with 1998 in Iran. Materials and Methods: In this study, national accounts were used. Most of the basic data fare available in a decentralized manner in the Statistics Center and the Program and Budget Organization of Iran. Due to achieving real changes in sports investment between 1998 and 2016, prices in 1998 was considered as the base year and were considered. Then using the price index of the desired years, the effects of inflation were eliminated and growth real was calculated. Results: The results indicate that investment in sport in 1998 was 360 billion Rials, which is 0.43% of total investment, 0.1% GDP, and 26.2% of GDSP. Also, investment in sport in 2016 was 15449 billion Rials, which is 0.46% of total investment, 0.11% GDP and, 73.38% of GDSP. Investment in sport in 2016 compared to 1998 had 2347% real growth. Conclusion : Although, investment in sport in 2016 compared to 1998 has grown, but it is very small compared to the total investments. Results also show the major share of the public sector and the low participation of the private sector.