درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose- The main purpose of this study was to identify the drivers responsible for instability of livelihood and to investigate the extent and manner of their influences on each other and on the future livelihood status of villagers in Marivan County. Design/methodology/approach - Applying a descriptive-analytical method and Delphi Technique, the present applied research identifies first, the most important drivers of the current situation of livelihood instability and their eliminating impact on the future livelihood of the deprived villagers in Marivan County. Moreover, applying cross-impact method in Mick Mac software, it analyzes the effect and direct influence of these drivers on each other. Findings- The most important drivers of livelihood instability of rural people in the county are a total of 36 drivers in five categories as follows: Economic failures with the influence (346) and dependence (371), social failures with the influence (290) and dependence (315), environmental-physical failures with the influence (172) and dependence (176), institutional-managerial failures with the influence (351) and dependence (287) and trans-regional failures with the influence (23) and dependence (12). Among them the institutional-managerial failures have the most direct influence (315) and the economic failures have the most direct dependence (371) on the other drivers. The regulatory and two-dimensional drivers and their situation on the graph shows the continuing instability of the villagers’ livelihood in future, thus, this will increase deserted villages and wasted water and soil resources in the region. Research Limitations/Implications- The dispersion of a large number of villages, their small sizes in addition to their lack of accessibility, and the lack of cooperation of some experts to conduct interviews were among the main limitations of the present study. Practical implications - It is suggested to teach villagers about the basic principles of entrepreneurship and taking risks and identifying opportunities. In this regard, making use of entrepreneurial villagers with successful experiences and non-governmental organizations in the region can be effective. Ultimately, plans and programs should be designed and implemented for the regulatory drivers such as fatalism, lack of crisis management policies, recognizing rural development as equal to the traditional agriculture development. Originality/Value- The outcome of this study can be an introduction for subsequent studies for formulating scenarios, executive strategies, policies and planning in order to move towards sustainable livelihoods and the realization of a favorable livelihood for the villagers.

The purpose of this study is evaluate the out-of-home advertising model of consumer products in the food industry of Fars province. The model under test was designed using the grounded theory method through interviews with 20 marketing and advertising experts. Structural equation analysis has been used to analyze the data and according to the proposed model in relation to the effect of latent variables. Data were collected by distributing a questionnaire among the marketing and sales staff of Fars food industry companies. The statistical population of this study includes the employees of the marketing and sales department of Fars food industry companies. Due to the unlimited number of statistical population, a cluster model was used to select the sample. For this purpose, 246 people were selected and evaluated in a targeted manner, but in the end, 227 completed and returned questionnaires were statistically analyzed. According to the results, the two important models of model fit (RMSEA) and (CMIN / DF) and other indicators are in an acceptable range, which can be said that the model has a good fit. Also, the research results showed that Out-Of-Home advertising can It should lead to customer loyalty, credibility, mental engagement, intention to buy and increase sales.

Nowadays, organizational intelligence is very important in acquiring necessary information for making suitable decisions and gaining competitive benefits in active environments for generative corporations. So, the present study aims to identify and prioritize organizational intelligent criteria in the production cooperatives of Iran. In methodology,this is an applied (developmental) study objectively and a mixed (quantitative-qualitative) survey regarding the nature of data. The present study is a Grounded theory its nature and methodology in the qualitative section, while it is a descriptive-exploratory study in the quantitative section. The study population consists of experts including the managers of the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor, and Social Welfare, who were 12 respondents selected using the non-probability purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The dimensions of organizational intelligence, including intelligent enablers, organizational intelligent capabilities, intelligent development contexts, and intelligent governance with 18 criteria were identified using the grounded method. Finally, the cause and effect relationships between the dimensions and criteria were determined by the Analytical Network Process method based on the fuzzy DEMATEL. According to DEMATEL findings, the “intelligent governance” and “intelligent development contexts” dimensions are the cause, while the “intelligent enablers” and “organizational intelligent capabilities” constitute the effect. The “customer relationship management”, “organizational learning”, and “human intelligence” criteria have respectively the most weight and priority in the organizational intelligence of production cooperatives in Iran.