درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The European countries have adopted a particular policy and manner to conflict with Muslims in their countries. These policies are classified into three behavioral patterns of British, German, and French. The British model is cultural pluralism, the German is Muslims’ integration in German society, and the French are melting melt pot. In their belief, Muslims must be dissolved in French culture and eliminated their religious identity. Other European countries follow one of these three models. The present study aimed to answer the following questions: ‘What effect have these strategies and patterns had on the living conditions of Muslims and the whole society of that country?’ ‘Were the approaches a plan or practical?’ ‘Which policies have been more successful quickly or strictly in confronting Islamic extremism (Takfiri terrorism) and Secular extremism (European terrorism)?’ ‘What was the practical result of these approaches in the Western European countries' social and security conditions?’

Because colonial governments disrupt financial markets to exert political pressure on target countries. For this purpose, in this study, the effects of sanctions on the economic conditions of countries are examined. The criteria (sanctions) examined in this study were placed in international, property, commercial, knowledge, oil, finance and individual groups. These criteria are the sanctions imposed on Iran in the period 1984 to 2020. The method used for analysis is a combination of the Fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory technique and sanctions intensity model. The results of this study indicate that in the introduced model, international sanctions are the most effective. These sanctions are most effective when the sanctioned government is in business. Thus, international sanctions have the greatest impact on the government's trade disputes (Commercial sanctions). International sanctions on a country like Iran, which trades in oil and sells its oil, affect oil sanctions as much as they affect Commercial sanctions, but less on individual sanctions. Finally, the results of the model indicate that the intensity of sanctions was at its peak between 2010 and 2015, with the greatest effect being due to international sanctions.

Financial performance evaluation emerged as the great academia and business concern in the competitive world, today. In order to clarify the progress status and improvement trend of finance, it is of supreme significance to appoint a professional financial performance evaluation study for supportable progress of enterprises. This research focused on the seven important factors which represented principal effects on the financial performance of the Persian Gulf petrochemical companies. In order to achieve the research objectives, experts and engineers of 12 companies in the Persian Gulf petrochemical industry have been surveyed by sampling method, in which 180 questionnaires have been completed and the basis of the work has been used. By the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) divergent validity of all desired factors as well as correspondent of the questionnaire were approved. To meet the research goals, non-parametric analysis demonstrated the main hypothesis of the study regarding the effectiveness of all under investigation parameters. By the Friedman ranking test, the internal processes and external environment of the organization provided the highest and the lowest rank of impact on the financial performance of the Petrochemical companies under review, respectively

Despite numerous upstream communications, there is still no comprehensive and reliable model for implementing these tasks; neither in the literature nor in oil & gas industry. Previously developed models focus more on the outsourcing process and it seems that there is no outsourcing model that has been developed with an eye to utilizing internal capabilities in a portfolio of alliances and be compatible with the unique characteristics of the Iran's oil and gas industry. In an attempt to validate the components of the "Model of development outsourcing physical assets in the oil and gas industry, with the approach of upgrading internal capacity" this study used a questionnaire in a Likert scale (very high, high, moderate, low, and very low). From the population, 102 people participated and a total of 100 completed questionnaires received. Using confirmatory factor analysis the validity of the variables and the questionnaire were examined. In this research, SPSS and Smart PLS softwares were used and the error probability level was considered α = 0.05. The results showed that the model has a good fit. According to the Geiser index, the fit of the model was medium to high and the goodness of fit criterion was equal to 461.0 and indicates the optimal fit of the model.

Organizations enter international competitive markets because of different motivations such as: gaining international fame, long-term growth, increasing profitability, taking advantages of economies of scale, maturing domestic market, the intensity of competition in a domestic market, governmental rules and regulations; but actually, all of the companies aim to export performance improvement. According to the oil industry situation in Iran's vision, the 4th paragraph of general energy policies and, not having a comprehensive model of Iranian oil products export performance, this research could improve and develop this industry in international markets. This research method is phenomenology and statistical society includes export and marketing managers and experts in the oil industry. Non-probable sampling and snowball sampling method was used in this research. Regarding this qualitative research, semi-structured depth interview was used to gather information and 7 deep interviews were done regarding saturated rule. Structure, internal, interpretive and descriptive validity were used in order to Validation; for surveying reliability, revision while coding and surveying by another informed person were used to insure correct coding. After open, axial and selective coding and using Atlas.ti qualitative software, suggested antecedents of Iranian oil products export performance includes: market orientation, company resources, marketing mix, macro environment and items of Iranian oil products export performance includes: financial performance, customer satisfaction and customer retention. Most of the previous studies have focused on positivism and quantitative research methodology while we used the qualitative method in this research.