درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Abstract Purpose The purpose of present study was the effect of the training of self – determination skills on depression of primary school students. Methodology: In this study the training of self – determination skills and depression were considered as the in dependent and dependent variables, respectively. The present study was a field test method with pretest – posttest and follow-up with control group. The tool of this study was children’s depression inventory (CD1). The sample consisted of 30 sixth grade primary school girl student with depression (15 in experimental group and 15 in control group) who were enrolled in the 1394 – 95 academic year, who were choose using purposive sampling method and divided into two groups. Experimental and control both groups were taker pretest before the training of self – determination skills, the experimental group were provided self – determination skills and not provided to control group. Immediately after the end of the training course, both groups were taken pretests of depression inventory. Both groups were taken follow-up test about two months after the training course. Findings: The results of covariance analysis suggested that the training of self – determination skills meaningfully reduces the student’s oppression. 13at in the control group who did not receive training there was not any changes in the student’s depression. Conclusion: The result of covariance analysis shows that the training of self – determination skills during the time effects the student’s depression.

Purpose: Citizenship education system in any country is influenced by a set of cultural, social, economic and infrastructural factors, each of which, in turn, plays a vital role in shaping and using electronic services. It is also one of the most comprehensive topics in e-government projects for educating the citizenry. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of higher education institutions in education development and awareness of electronic services in citizens of Gorgan, Iran. Materials and method: For this purpose, the research method was descriptive-survey of the applied type. Questionnaires have been used to collect data. Findings: The results of this study indicated that the significance was reached to 99% among the factors influencing the increase of citizens' awareness and education in using electronic services among citizens of Gorgan, Iran in all indicators. Discussion: Also, using the VIKOR model, it was found that Golestan universities of agriculture and natural resources had the most impact among other higher education institutions to educate citizens about the use of electronic services. Finally, practical proposals have been made to increase the relationship between higher education institutions and citizens in the use of e-services.

The structure of socio-culture encouraged the following study to investigate the ways participation in collaborative learning tasks can have an effect on the overall English proficiency of EFL students’ academic achievement. The learners’ engagement in learning and collaboration with others for achieving their goals often happen in participatory approach to second language teaching and learning (Cobb, 1994; Greeno, 1998). In a same way, collaborative learning plays a good role in increasing learners’ interdependence (Bruffee, 1999), responsibility (Totten, Sills, Digby, & Russ, 1991), interpersonal skills (Rymes, 1997), and cognitive and critical thinking skills (Johnson & Johnson, 1986). Therefore, both the control and study group were randomly selected from 60 Iranian EFL learners of two intact classes. The first group which was the control group was exposed to regular teaching process through the conventional book-based method. While, in experimental group activities such as role play, problem solving, group work and collaborative tasks in the classroom instruction were mostly used. Accordingly, scores on the IELTS posttest in both groups improved but, the statistics of their overall performance showed that there is no significant difference. However, separate skills on the IELTS exam needed some analyses the result of which contended that the scores of experimental group on the speaking skill was significantly higher. Clearly, the scores on the vocabulary and grammar posttest in experimental group were significantly higher. In conclusion, higher mean scores indicate that EFL learners’ vocabulary and grammar learning will be facilitated through both participatory approach and collaborative activities. In fact, the more interactions among learners in classroom activities are used, improvement of speaking skills can be encouraged. As the results of the students’ and teachers’ interview revealed, both students and teachers’ attitudes towards participatory approach were positive and were also highly inclined to receive such tasks and activities in future

The legislator has adopted a policy of repression and aggravation of punishment in drug offenses. Undoubtedly, the legislator has adopted such measures due to the obscenity and severity of these crimes, as well as their danger to society. However, it seems that this penal policy is not useful for many reasons and does not move the legislator toward its goal (prevention of crime, recidivism, and reform of the offenders); It is probably due to the fact that imposing heavy punishments is reasonable and correct regardless of the causes and factors of the crime, as well as the circumstances in which the person committed the crime. The thing that prevents offenders and people from committing or repeating offenses is the speed and precision of executing the punishment, not the heavy ones. Hence, with regard to the shortcomings of this policy and the weakness of the deterrent theory against social, economic, cultural, and political crime factors at some periods of time, and in particular recently, the legislator has tried to moderate its penal policy. In 2017, an article was added to the Counter-Drug Law to undergo a fundamental change, including the significant reduction in cases of execution and life imprisonment. The moderation of penal policy against drug and psychotropic crimes plays a major role in the elimination of death sentences from the Iranian criminal justice system and promotes human rights status of Iran in the international community. This moderation is originated from the post-revolutionary criminal sociological study as well as internal and external criticisms of strict penal policy; internal criticism was from jurisprudential, legal, human rights, criminology, and criminal sociology circles.

Purpose: The aim of the current research was to Predict Collective leadership of governor’s employers through organizational trust & professional ethic. Method: The method of this study was a descriptive and correlational study. Statistical society included all employees of Sistan and Baluchistan Governor who were 140 people. All the society members were considered as the sample of the study. But 11 employees were not volunteer for the study and nearly 9 questionnaires were not completed perfectly so they were omitted and was considered as the missing data. Other remaining persons who were 120 people were considered as the study samples. The same process was employed for all participants. Collective leadership, organizational trust & professional ethic questionnaire was employed for the assessment of the variables. Organizational Trust was assessed using the scales created by Vanhala et al. Findings: Collective leadership was significantly and positively correlated with, organizational trust and professional. Also there was a significant positive correlation coefficient between organizational trust and professional ethic The results showed that employee’s Collective leadership was predicted by organizational trust (β=.112, p < .05) and & professional ethic. Discussion: Increasing employees trust and ethic capacity through creating collective leadership atmosphere in the organizations and applying new management techniques to improving employee’s skills in their special field can strengthening organizations position and let employee help each other in a collective way to acquire organizational goal.

Purpose: The present study aims to investigate the relationship between smart talent management and meritocracy in order to provide the expressive characteristics of the selection, appointment and maintenance of managers. Methodology: The research method is descriptive survey and the required information has been collected using a researcher-made questionnaire that its validity has been determined from the available resources and through expert opinion and its reliability has been determined by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (.882). The statistical population of the present study includes the associate professor faculty members and higher rankings and staffs having MA and higher degrees, i.e. a total of 1,200 people. Sampling method is stratified random sampling through which 291 people are selected as the statistical sample. Findings: Findings of exploratory factor analysis show that strategy, attraction, evaluation and discovery of talents are the main components of talent management, and organizational learning, knowledge expansion and sharing are the main components of knowledge management. Among the 13 dimensions of talent management, the development of talent with a standard coefficient (.90) and preservation of talent with a standard coefficient (.88) are the most effective ones, respectively. Discussion: Among the 13 dimensions of knowledge management, expansion and sharing with a standard coefficient (.95) and organizational learning with a standard coefficient (.88) are the most effective ones, respectively. Also, confirmatory factor analysis confirms the relationship between smart talent and meritocracy with a standard coefficient (1.06), and test statistics has evaluated the severity (correlation coefficient) of this relationship (.299).

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the modeling of HRM and ethics management by solving the crisis in media organizations. Methodology: The statistical population of the present study was all managers of media organizations in 2016, 120 of them were selected as sample in a targeted sampling method (79 male managers and 41 female ones). In this research, organizational agility questionnaire, Organizational Ethics Questionnaire (CEP) and Organizational Conflict Questionnaire were used to collect data on factors affecting agility. The conceptual model of the research was tested using structural equation modeling. Findings: The findings of the path analysis indicated that the model has a suitable fitting and all factor loads of markers on the variable are significant on the organizational agility variable and all direct path coefficients of the model are significant at alpha level 0.01. According to these results, organizational agility with impact factor (beta) 0.29 affects ethics management. Finally, ethics management with a coefficient of effect (beta) 0. 67 affects the resolution of the media organizations' crisis. Discussion: Ethics management is able to mediate organizational agility and solve the crisis of media organizations. Organizational agility with an impact on ethics management is capable of indirectly affecting the resolution of the media organizations' crisis. Therefore, attention to learning agility and attention to ethics management in organizations can be one of the main strategies for managing crisis management in organizations.

Environmental psychology is one of the subjects that has currently attracted the attention of many people involved in education. Paying attention in school, work, and generally life environments in addition to other elements, can play a significant role in attracting individuals and improving their lifestyle, education and work. Hence, tending to spatial elements in educational environments, especially in primary school, can provide a suitable setting for attracting students, increasing their level of interest in learning, creating mental and physical peace, and correct education of members of the society. This study was performed to separate legible and illegible spaces in the minds of primary school students. The drawings of the educational environment by the students showed legible concepts and images with regards to the intended factors. The results show that the position of spatial elements in mental imaging of boy and girl students with regards to individual, social, and other aspects are different. Some, such as the activity playground are more important for boys, and green space and a colorful setting is important for girls and attracting them to school. In other factors, such as social factors, the two groups are similar. Hence, the use of adequate lines, vibrant and varying colors, decorating the environment, and granting importance to the basic needs of both groups (considering their age and sex) seems necessary.