درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This study sought to promote EFL learners' speaking ability drawing on Bakhtin’s notion of dialogic discourse pattern (DDP) and to explore their perceptions towards implementing dialogic teaching (DT) in a speaking classroom. To this end, from the population of students in different language institutes, 47 students were selected based on a purposive sampling method. The data were collected at two step-wise processes adopting a mixed-method approach. First, the researcher directed two EFL teachers to apply the DDP principles in a dialogic (DG) and non-dialogic group (NDG). The intervention lasted for 12 weeks. Then, a posttest of speaking was conducted to track the possible improvement. The findings attested that the dialogic talk could promote EFL learners’ speaking ability. Next, DG group was required to complete a written discourse completion task to determine the extent to which incorporating DT could promote learners’ speaking ability. To analyze the data, Thomas's (2006) inductive approach was adopted comprising the dominant themes. The results revealed different themes and sub-themes such as developing self-directed learning skills, disseminating critical literacy practice, fostering language learning, promoting motivation and affective factors, to name but a few. The findings propose some implications for classroom management, materials preparation, and language policy program.

This study aimed to investigate the relative effectiveness of consciousness-raising tasks and structure-based production tasks in comparison with the traditional teaching in learning comparative and superlative forms, following a task-based approach to teaching English grammar. To this end, from among 82 female elementary-level high school students having taken a Solutions Placement Test (2010), 72 students being homogeneous regarding their language proficiency were assigned to one control group experiencing traditional grammar learning and two experimental groups that were instructed using consciousness-raising tasks and structure-based production tasks. The study was a quasi-experimental one following a pre-test post-test control group design. All groups took a multiple-choice researcher-made pre-test measuring their knowledge of comparative and superlative forms at the outset, and after six weeks, the three groups took part in the corresponding post-test. At last, the results of ANCOVA indicated that consciousness-raising task group had the best grammar performance, but no significant differences were found between the participants in structure-based production tasks and traditional teaching. Therefore, it is recommended that other EFL teachers consider consciousness-raising tasks as an option in teaching comparative and superlative forms in their high school classes.

In recent years, global reports on the irreparable damage of human economic activities to the environment, the need for efficient management systems capable of reducing pollutants and waste management and the optimal use of non-renewable resources, more than any other another time is needed. Therefore, in order to achieve this, a study was presented with the aim of designing and validating a model for green quality management in the food industry. The present study is an exploratory combination that through qualitative strategies with library study methods and grounded theory, a conceptual model is obtained and then through a quantitative strategy of structural equations with Smart PLS approach, the conceptual model of the research is tested and its goodness is calculated. Is. In the qualitative section, after extensive study in the theoretical literature on the subject and taking notes, as well as through theoretical and purposeful sampling with a selection of 24 experts and officials, a semi-structured interview was conducted. In the quantitative part, according to the Vinzy rule, 192 managers and experts of the food industry have been selected as a sample and the data have been collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. According to the findings of the qualitative section and after coding, finally 5 main categories and 19 sub-categories were extracted that green management of human resources from causal conditions and green management thinking as underlying conditions, technology management and environmental management system as intervening conditions. Green management innovation was selected as a strategy and also green supply chain as a consequence of green quality management model. The results show that the conceptual model designed with grounded theory approach was approved by experts and the GOF criterion was used to validate the model, which is higher than the level of fit classification based on the theory of Wetzel’s et al. (2009) which indicates that has it.