درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

A child's ability to engage positively with others, express emotions positively, and control behavior is referred to as social and emotional competence. Thus, the aim of this study was to explain social-emotional competence based on positive mood Characteristics, self-efficacy in emotion regulation with mediating role of social support of female students. The method used in this research was structural equation modeling correlation, which was performed in Tehran during the academic year 2018-2019 in December and October. 420 female students from all female students with an average age of 17 years in public schools in Tehran in the academic year 2019-2020, were randomly selected by cluster sampling method. Bromes's temperament (2007), social support of Wax et al. (1986), self-efficacy of Caprara et al. (2008), and competence Emotional-social completed by students Zhu and Ei (2012) questionnaires were administered to students. Pearson correlation coefficient test and path analysis methods were used to analyze the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS-21 and AMOS18 software. Based on the presented model (The root-mean-square error (RMSEA) was 0.072, and the square root of the mean squared residual (SRMR) was 0.062, which was less than the criterion (0.08) and thus confirmed the fit of the model. Based on the results, Positive mood traits affect social-emotional competence both directly (P <0.05, β = 0.159) and indirectly through social support (P <0.05, β = 0.204). In order to promote social-emotional competence, social support should consider an effective variable and important intervention priority of educational systems.

The aim of this study was to identify the challenges and effective indicators in entrepreneurial attitudes in the content of elementary textbooks. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and based on how to collect qualitative data based on semi-structured interviews. The statistical population was the selection of interviewees using snowball-type purposive sampling method, which was stopped in the eleventh interview due to the repetitive text of the interviews and consensus. Based on the results of the interviews and the extraction of challenges, which consisted of 46 two concepts or items, 8 challenges in the content of science and Persian textbooks for first to third grades of elementary school were identified. Also, in the index extraction section, which consisted of 43 concepts or items, 7 effective indicators were identified in the content of science and Persian textbooks for the first to third grades of elementary school. The results showed that the challenges of lack of space and educational context, theorizing of concepts, neglect of entrepreneurship, lack of education, optional activities, lack of evaluation, lack of support from officials and lack of skills of teachers as the most important challenges of not developing attitudes, respectively. Entrepreneurship was introduced in the textbooks of the course. Also, indicators of creating and creating opportunities, self-efficacy, desire and confidence in success, talent identification, participation and interaction, operationalization and acquisition of skills, flexibility of officials were selected as the most important factors in developing entrepreneurial attitudes in elementary school textbook content.