درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

With the beginning of the new era after the Renaissance, the Enlightenment and the Great Industrial Revolution in the West, the issue of the spread of new western ideas became a complex reality for all societies, including Iran, and there was no escaping this situation. Especially since the 19th century and the wars between Iran and Russia, as the first blow to the intellectual traditions of the Iranian people, the issue of transferring new ideas has become an undeniable reality for us Iranians, and this issue is mainly according to Iran's military needs due to the defeat of the Tsarist army. It was for the first time that Qajar Crown Prince Abbas Mirza came to the conclusion that he could not defend his land without using the tools of the new world and by sending a group headed by his son Khosrow Mirza, he opened the first intellectual interactions with the Western world and Russia. And this first step led to the education of a generation of Iranians who later became the initiators of modernization in Iran, and although they failed in this path, they should be considered serious in every word about the modernization of Iranians. Undoubtedly, the Russian Revolution is considered one of the greatest events in the history of the world in terms of its impact, and countless works have been produced in connection with it, but few works have been published about the influence of Russia in the 19th century on the intellectual atmosphere of Iran. which have been less expressive of this effect. Therefore, the main issue in this research is how and the specific mechanisms of the influence of political ideas on Iranian intellectuals in the late 19th century and early 20th century, a subject that naturally requires intellectual exploration and reflection in its dimensions and angles. It can open the knot of many intellectual and thought problems of Iran at that time.

The study of the cultural and identity status of societies affected by various phenomena and variables, including educational, cultural and artistic systems, is one of the fundamental special works in the field of political sociology. By studying and researching cultural and identity changes in societies, the researcher is aware of the reasons, contexts, effects and consequences of this. The present study investigates the effects and consequences of language hegemony on the culture and identity of language learners in the Iranian Language Center between 2005 and 2017. Accordingly, this research is classified as a descriptive research based on the result and purpose of applied research, and in terms of method, and in terms of data collection in the field of survey research. According to the sample size, 277 questionnaires were prepared and provided to students of the Iranian Language Center to collect information. Based on the analysis of the collected data, the Iranian society can be called a marginal society in which English is still recognized as a foreign language and not a second language. The two mechanisms of knowledge and educational skills, and in particular the centrality of the English language and culture, are very prominent and effective among learners and even English teachers. It is in such circumstances that it is possible to form and expand the hegemony of the English language in Iranian society as a result of the current trend of the development of this language, which has been associated with a kind of dependence of our educational system on the central communities; And acknowledged in the absence of any linguistic sensitivity or realistic and logical language planning.

Every civil society needs the development of justice for its survival and in the modern era, one of the most important manifestations of that is administrative justice. The conception of administrative justice in any legal system is a function of political action. That is, it is more a product of the political agreement of the nation of land than a metaphysics conception. This concept primarily focuses on the fair distribution of resources and then on fair administrative decisions. Administrative justice is the basis for the structuring of the administrative system into an advanced legal system that applies to the equitable distribution of wealth through administrative law and legal principles derived from the customary concept and are sometimes defined in procedural and substantive principles in administrative court proceedings. Therefore, we are faced with a concrete concept that understands the system of administrative law and public law as defined by legal principles. Administrative justice is made by political affairs and is paid through legal institutions. These concepts are shaped by common social values ​​and, after legal incorporation, their customary concept becomes legal. The concept of administrative justice in the judgments of the Administrative Justice has been expressed in two principles of impartiality and proportionality. The first principal deals with the concept of administrative justice procedures and the principle of proportionality of its substantive concept. Therefore, the most important application of the concept of administrative justice is to determine the legal principles that are relevant to it in administrative proceedings and in the jurisdiction of the administrative justice court.