درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

In new issues of durable architecture, it is tried to decrease negative effects of new architecture on environment. What is perfectly obvious is making the elements homogenous to their climatic function which was the art of our antecedents. Implementing the windward construction technique, our antecedents have well used the raw and uncontrolled flows of wind. They handled the wind and made it mild, remove the dust and created mild air-conditioning which represents the past environmental stability of Iranian architecture. Using the windward had been conventional in Iran since many years ago. Without any dependence on any kind of energy and without exploiting establishment appliances, it provides the coldness of residential places. This is the same issue on creating stability in environments where humans live in. In this research, the capabilities and limitations to use windward in salt desert's cities of Iran during today's age in were assessed to achieve some criteria quantitatively and qualitatively to enhance the windward and to provide the necessary ground for more efficient use of it. This research is of descriptive- analytical kind. Statistical population of this research includes university professors and architecture authorities in Iran. 30 persons of them were questioned directly. After survey data collection through the questionnaire, the relationships between research variables were tested by implementing swot technique. The obtained results suggest a windward in order to solve the weaknesses of previous air traps parallel to today's need. It indicates that giving the efficiency again to the windward’s by creating some changes in it proportional to today's need of users and in order to enhance its efficiency, provides the conditions to achieve some parts of a sustainable architecture.

There has long been a concern that evaluating building thermal performance on the basis of energy loads is inappropriate to achieve overall energy efficiency of houses, particularly passive houses, in temperate climates. Passive buildings designed to be free running may achieve better results in an appropriate evaluation system. The main objective of this study is to investigate differences between thermal performances of houses in different operation modes. The paper illustrates a relationship between indicators of building performance in free running and conditioned modes. Simulation is used to compare the predicted performances of conditioned and free running houses, respectively on the basis of annual energy requirements (MJ/m2) and Degree Discomfort Hours (DDH) in temperate climate of Babolsar, Iran. Despite a strong relationship between these two indicators, some significant differences become clear leading to a discussion of the persistent technical problems and issues, which are encountered when attempting to optimize an efficient architectural design. The result of this study persuades the architects to pay more attention to the process of building energy efficient design regarding to the building operation mod. Application of this result in the building labelling system can promote the passive building design which is an important step to achieve objectives of sustainable development.