درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

In land use and transportation planning, mixed land uses usually are those various and consistent land uses which have been within a single structure or close to each other. Mixed land uses in different societies are used for different purposes. In some of these societies, mixed land uses are appropriate strategies in mixing the housing types in a small scale in order to enhance the identity of old cities. In other societies they are used as a mean to revive the worn out areas and speed up economic developments. Even some societies use them to create the suburbs' centers. In this regard, the aim of this study is to evaluate the mixed land uses in Tehran's Bryanak neighborhood. For this purpose, the most important criteria and sub-criteria are compiled to determine the situation of the mixing land uses in this neighborhood, and by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and questionnaire an appropriate and measurable framework is provided to measure and present strategies for the preservation and promotion of mixed land uses. The results indicate that the final score of this neighborhood was calculated as 3.08 that is very close to the "average" and indicates that the situation of mixed land uses in Bryanak neighborhood is average and some actions should be taken to improve conditions for the development of mixed land uses in this neighborhood.

Crises have always caused many, and sometimes irreparable, damages and injuries to human nations having had adverse impacts on indices of society, economy and environment. Therefore analysis and optimum management of these crises are the priorities in the states around the world. Access to valid and up-to-date information plays the pivotal role in proper and timely programming and performance on managers’ and responsible organizations’ side in various phases of the crisis management cycle. While more than 80% of the required information in crises actually have a local and geographical nature, utilizing the modern technology of GIS with special capabilities in modeling, combining and analyzing the data can be effective and impasse-breaking while analyzing vast layers of information in both phases of prediction and strike of crises. A good knowledge of the crisis-causing factors before their strike or prediction of the essential arrangements to prevent or reduce their affects or aftermaths to the least is one of the base procedures in the management of unexpected events. In this direction, precision in properly locating the installations and passages of the pipes and canals would be immensely important; bearing in mind the key role of continuation of serving essential arteries; particularly water and sewage installations, in controlling and preventing the expansion of crises, and preserving public health and hygiene on the one hand, and the significant expenses of construction or reconstruction of these systems on the other. Thus, through this study, we have discussed how to exploit the creation and production procedures in purposefully locating water and sewage installations and also their other usages in designing, management, programming and development of these installations, in addition to introducing the geographical information systems and clarifications of the creation and production procedures. The location of urban water and sewage facilities is very effective in increasing the resilience of natural disasters through the use of the geographical information system.