درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Islamic architecture has been a great influence on different parts of the world, even so there are some similar factors, but the aspect of culture will make the polarization between them. Upon the vast spread that Muslims had in the 7th century (A.D.) Islamic culture and belief moved in different continents from the Fareast parts of Asia to the west of the Mediterranean. At the beginning Islam had no specific architecture but with passing of time each and every culture started their own art and architecture and from that beginning Iran was a special primary of this field and of the many dynasties of this country Safavid was one of the highest valued among them all. One of the most important aspects of traditional architecture is there proportion value that holds a great part of the aesthetical valence. The aim of this paper is to know that if there is a common connection within various types of Safavid architecture as a group or individual system. The secondary goal of this study is to see if there is an aesthetic relation between Iranian proportion and European golden ratio. In this study we have surveyed various buildings, in one of the most influence architecture eras of Iranian Islamic architecture and at an end result believe that depending on their functionality the proportion values differ among them.

Recycling process is one of the most important processes in the trend of sustainable development, a logical reaction against the problems that results from industrial age. Building materials can play an important role in the process of a building formation or destruction, in fact, materials forms the building nature. Thus, the role of material and the impact of its recycling in sustainable development context cannot be ignored. Also, due to the rate of destruction and renewals that exist in cities and considering to the point that almost half of fuel storages are consumed in the buildings, the mass of materials that are sources of potential energy, should not be ignored. So, it is obvious that finding a fundamental solution in this area is necessary. In terms of research performance, this study is qualitative and as descriptive-comparative investigation and selection of the concepts is based on library and documentary methods, surveying some characteristics of recycling which in terms of quality and technique effect on architecture has been attempted in this research. Therefore, the role of recycling materials and the importance of their potential energy in the trend of sustainable development are investigated in this paper by descriptive-comparative method and appropriate and optimum solutions provided in order to reduce energy consumption in the field of construction and building materials.

As it is commonly understood, Urban neighborhoods play a significant role in developing urban sustainability as the smallest unit of city so that the formation and promotion of neighborhood identity, and focusing on social relationships would be in harmony with urban sustainability. It is believed that a dramatic change in spatial structure of urban neighborhood include a decline in levels of political, social and economic role of neighborhoods as long as they have had some disadvantages such as environmental pollution, marginalization, poor housing, socialpsychological and cultural damages, and particularly losing spiritual and material values as well in the recent decades. To limit these disadvantages associated with communities, neighborhood centers should be designed. The purpose of this study will analyze the concept of neighborhoods and neighborhoods’ centers and their effects on urban sustainability by descriptive- analytical approach and by gathering information through libraries and reviewing documents. This paper engages in analyzing components, dimensions, factors of sustainability and neighborhoods centers that integrated in the final model which characterized by practical-economic, environmental, empirical- aesthetic components; and, the validity of the used questionnaires based on factors of this model with 387 subjects (the selected sample) and the reliability of the questionnaires by using Cronbach Alpha through Bartlett Test and KMO factor at high level of 0/85 was proved. The level of significance of each component was reexامینed by concerning their effects on urban sustainability. By applying multiple- regression test, the statistical outcomes reveal that designing based on environmental components have the utmost impact on neighborhoods sustainability.