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Today, competition to improve the quality of services is recognized as a critical strategic issue for sports venues. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of service quality on improving loyal behaviors. (A case study of customers of wrestling sports complexes in Kermanshah province). The research method was descriptive-correlational and was conducted in the field. The study's statistical population was the customers of wrestling halls in Kermanshah province. In this study, 450 people were considered as the statistical sample of the study by random cluster sampling. Bonajsui's (2012) Research Work Questionnaire was used to measure research variables. Univariate and multivariate regression and the Friedman test were used to analyze the data. The regression test results showed that the service quality variable has a predictive power of about 18% of the variance of communication quality. Furthermore, the results showed that the variables of personnel responsiveness, reliability, and trust in personnel could be significant predictors of the communication quality component. Also, the results showed that the variable of communication quality could be a significant predictor for the components of loyal behavior, word of mouth, purchasing desire, and dissatisfaction. The study's results showed that the quality of services affects the quality of communication. According to the results, the responsiveness of the complex staff, reliability, and trust in the personnel have a positive effect on the quality. At the same time, no relationship was found between the tangibles and empathy components with the relationship's quality. According to the results, improving the quality of services in sports complexes and the quality of customer relations are the main factors in the occurrence of loyal customer behaviors and their reappearance in the future.

The main purpose of the present study was to determine the factors affecting the establishment of sports knowledge-based companies based on electronic knowledge. To pursue this aim, Glaser's grounded theory was used as the qualitative research method. 16 in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with academic and industry experts in the field of sports using purposeful and snowball sampling methods. Data analysis was performed in three stages: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, and the preliminary list of factors was identified through initial library studies. The 105 values affecting the development of sports knowledge-based companies based on electronic knowledge were extracted through the open coding process. The final pattern was created using the results of axial coding, which revealed the identification of 12 subcategories, falling into two main categories: intra-organization (human resources, management, marketing, legal, and financial factors) and extra-organization (educational/creativity and innovation factors, economic, cultural-social, infrastructure, legal, policy-making, and support/protection). According to the findings of the study, the professional and comprehensive view of managers and scientific and executive officials on these mentioned factors can change the ecosystem of sports entrepreneurship in Iran, providing the necessary context and infrastructure, as well as the sports community's interest in entrepreneurship and the formation of knowledge-based companies. This is, of course, accompanied by long-term job opportunities for activists in this sector as well as the development of new and inventive ideas, goods, and services.

This research paper presented a comprehensive analysis of the literature on winter sports tourism, tracing its development over a span of 56 years. It was reviewed with bibliometric techniques with VOSviewer software. The extensive bibliometric analysis revealed emerging trends, notable research contributions, and key participants in the field. Prominent countries in this niche are Australia and Canada, while the Universities of Innsbruck and Waterloo, journals such as Sustainability Journal (Switzerland), and authors such as Falk and Muller, Peters, Scottwere have shown significant focus in this area. Therefore, the study highlights the increasing importance of this niche tourism sector, reflecting a surge of interest in recent years as indicated by the rising number of relevant research papers. The review also underscored how vital bibliographic studies are to comprehending the landscape of winter sports tourism. The findings provided trends, patterns, and a roadmap for prospective researchers, flagging the necessity of keeping pace with the evolving realities of winter sports tourism and establishing a valuable foundation for understanding and examining current trends and future developments in winter sports tourism. That will undoubtedly prove useful for both researchers and decision-makers in the field of winter sports tourism.

Background : Low back pain (LBP) can cause changes in muscle activity in affected individuals, making it difficult for them to contract their muscles effectively and engage in physical activities. Manual chiropractic techniques have been proposed as a potential solution to improve muscle orientation and function in individuals with LBP. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of manual techniques on maximum muscle activity electromyography, functional disability, and pain in women with non-specific chronic low back pain. Materials and Methods: Twenty women between the ages of 30 and 50, who had been experiencing NSCLBP for over three months with no history of spinal surgery or postural abnormalities, and were able to perform daily activities after providing consent, were recruited from a sports medicine clinic to participate in the study. In the pre-test, the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was used to assess functional disability, and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to assess pain levels. Additionally, the maximum muscle activity of the multifidus and lumbar quadratus lumborum (QL) was measured using EMG. Chiropractic manipulation techniques were then implemented in the experimental group, with three sessions per week for six weeks, within the clinic. The same tests were repeated in the post-test. The ANOVA test was used to compare the chiropractic and control groups, with a significance level of α ≤ 0.05. Results : The study results indicate that chiropractic manual techniques were effective in reducing lumbar EMG activity ( P = 0.0001), reducing pain index ( P = 0.002), and improving functional disability ( P = 0.001) significantly. Conclusion : The study findings suggest that six weeks of chiropractic manipulation techniques can induce a feeling of relaxation, reduce pain, and passively strengthen the lumbar muscles. These improvements in muscle condition and functional disability may lead to a reduction in pain experienced by individuals with NSCLBP.

Background: Low back pain is a common musculoskeletal condition that can impact a person's ability to walk and move comfortably. Pronated foot posture has been suggested as a potential contributor to low back pain, and this study examines its impact on muscle activity during gait in individuals with low back pain. Aim: This study aimed to investigate whether pronated foot alters the activity timing of trunk and lower limb muscles during gait in low back pain patients. Materials and Methods: The sample of this study included 32 men with low back pain and pronated foot. Participants were divided into control (n=15, with foot pronated only) and experimental (n=17, with both low back pain and foot pronated) groups. The experimental group did resistance training with Thera-band for 12 weeks, 3 sessions per week. A wireless electromyography system with 9 pairs of bipolar surface electrodes was used to record the electromyography activity timing of back and lower limb muscles (sample rate: 2000 Hz). Two-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Results: Significant between-group differences were found at baseline onset of EMG activity timing for gastrocnemious medialis ( P <0.001), gluteus medius ( P <0.001) and erector spinae at 3rd lumbar vertebral level ( P =0.001) muscles. Results indicated significant main effects of “Time” for erector spinae at 3rd lumbar vertebral level offset ( P =0.023), significant main effects of “group” for tibialis anterior offset ( P = 0.039) and for erector spinae at 3rd lumbar vertebral level offset ( P = 0.010). Conclusion: The selected training program changed the timing of erector spinae at 3rd lumbar vertebral level in older adults with both low back pain and pronated feet during walking.