درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Women have always been of cultural relevance as one of the most important elements of the society. The central role of women in cultural development has caused significant increase in the attention to these areas in recent years. The main aim of this research has been to interpret the women's status in cultural development and improvement. For this purpose, first based on theoretical principles and the literature available in this regard, the initial conceptual model was prepared. Then, based on the opinions of the statistical population of the research, as experts specialized in culture, interpretation of the indices of this model has been done. The sampling method in this research has been cluster, with the sample size determined as 384 using Morgan table. In this research, for measuring the research indices, questionnaire has been used. The reliability of this questionnaire was confirmed through Cronbach alpha coefficient, and its validity via construct validity method. The results of this research led to identification of the major indicators and components affecting the women's status in cultural development and improvement.

Purpose: While it is true that concern should be expressed with the incessant conflicts in Africa, it is also true that the ramifications are very wide. One recurring conflict in the 1990s Nigeria’s educational institutions is the conflict generated among rival cult groups that seemed to defy solution. Several students and, in some cases, lecturers have lost their lives yet there seems to be no end to these killings which seem to occur unexpectedly. Methodology: Applying a sub-cultural group theory, this article analyzed the prevalent factor responsible of this phenomenon. Starting with the analysis of the relations between what it takes to survive in Nigeria and the emergence of violence on campuses of institutions of higher learning, the article suggests that the failure of higher institutions to effectively perform its integrative role, thereby becoming a space for delinquent gang groups, may be connected to failed economic policies. Findings: it argues that it may not be totally true to call the various students groups involved in the on-campus conflict ‘cult’ as their activities and rituals are devoid of any spiritual or religious elements but more about contestations about space and survival. It concludes by suggesting some probable solutions. Conclusion: the educational institution needs to rethink the curricula in relation to the survival of the society wherein what is taught is not based on ‘individualistic but communal virtues.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of life skills training on coping strategies and psychological capital of adolescents. Methodology: The research design was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with the control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all female high school students in the 4th District of Tehran in the academic year of 1396-97. According to Cohen's table, the sample size was 30 people. The initial random sampling method was used, but the participants in the control and experimental groups were randomly assigned and 15 individuals in the experimental group and 15 in the control group were replaced. The measuring tools included Lazarus's Coping Strategies Scale (1985) and Lutz's Psychological Capital Scale (2007), which subjects completed before and after the life skills training program. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed using Spss21 software at a significant level of 0.05. Findings: The results showed that life skills training (14.3%) played a role in explaining the problem-focused coping strategy, but it was not effective in the emotion-focused coping strategy (P = 0.824). Life was 19.7% in explaining self-efficacy, 23.2% in explaining hope, and 17.1% in explaining the resilience of the experimental group. But the experiment group was not optimistic (P = 0.904). Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that life skills training has been effective in coping strategies and psychological capital of adolescents.

Purpose: This research was conducted with the aim of identifying effective factors on educational reform at the level of national and regional supports for high school mathematics. Methodology: The present study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was qualitative, which was performed in two stages of synthesis research and content analysis. The research environment in the synthesis research stage were all reference texts about recognizing the needs of the high school mathematics curriculum in the period of 2007 to 2020 years, which number of 47 sources were selected as a sample by purposeful sampling method. The research environment in the content analysis stage were all reference texts of educational reform of the high school mathematics curriculum and national and regional support in the period of 2010 to 2020 years, which number of 7 sources were selected as a sample by purposeful sampling method. The content validity of the data was confirmed by 5 experts in the field of curriculum and education of mathematics and their reliability was obtained by the agreement coefficient method between the two coders 0.88. Data were analyzed by synthesis research and content analysis methods via deductive. Findings: The results of synthesis research showed that for the effective factors on educational reform were identified 5 components and 12 subcomponents, which the components included the need to review the curriculum, preparation of teachers to change the curriculum, the need for teacher training, supervision of the education system on the teachers' performance and providing curriculum implementation arrangements. Also, the results of content analysis showed that for the effective factors on educational reform were identified 2 components and 7 subcomponents, which the components included preparation teachers to change the curriculum and providing curriculum implementation arrangements. Finally, the diagram of the effective factors on educational reform at the level of national and regional supports for high school mathematics was drawn. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, planning to improve the education of high school mathematics is essential through the use of effective factors on educational reform.

purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the perception and experience of teachers and educational managers about the implementation of the professional ranking plan of teachers in the education system of the Iran. Methodology: The method of this research is a qualitative exploratory research which has been conducted in an interpretive analysis method. The data gathering tool was a semi-structured interview, with interviews with 15 experienced teachers, principals, and executives of the project. Sampling was done using purposeful snowball method. For data analysis, coding was used in both open and axial coding. Findings: The results of the research showed that the teacher ranking plan has legal, scientific, professional and managerial requirements for its implementation. The main strengths of the plan include increasing teachers' motivation, improving teachers' skills, reducing teachers' livelihood issues, improving student achievement and reducing inequality. The weaknesses include lack of comprehensiveness of the plan, lack of transparency, the ability to apply personal opinion, the length of the process, high emphasis on seniority, weakness in information and lack of implementation. Conclusion: The most important solutions identified for improving the design are: having a professionalism approach to teachers, paying attention to improving teachers' livelihoods, teamwork and continuous evaluation, holistic approach, and bureaucracy reduction.

Purpose: Because of the important role schools play in the lives of children and in responding to post-crisis problems, and given the recent earthquake in Kermanshah province, the current study aimed to identify the indicators of an efficient school. Methodology: Using a qualitative method, this study was performed in classic Delphi and phenomenological phases on a research population comprising all workers and experts in the field of education in Sarpol-e Zahab city, Iran, who had worked from 2017 to 2019 in the city. In the first (phenomenological) phase, 15 city employees in the field of education were chosen using purposive sampling. In the second phase of the study, the sample comprised 11 people of Sarpol-e Zahab who were deemed education experts by education employees in the region, had worked in the city from 2017 to 2019, and had witnessed the earthquake. Findings: After documenting the interviews conducted with the participants, 290 codes were conceptualized and then categorized into four general indices (students; school teachers and staff; school facilities, structure, and environment; and family). Based on the codes extracted from phase one, an 82-item questionnaire was designed for the second research phase (Delphi study). Ultimately, after three rounds of responses, 23 questions were removed, and the expert panel agreed on 59 questions. Conclusions: Based on the results, it can be concluded that an efficient school is one that can consider the four dimensions of students school teachers and staff, school facilities and structure, and environment and family in designing the school.