درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of life skills training on coping strategies and psychological capital of adolescents. Methodology: The research design was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with the control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all female high school students in the 4th District of Tehran in the academic year of 1396-97. According to Cohen's table, the sample size was 30 people. The initial random sampling method was used, but the participants in the control and experimental groups were randomly assigned and 15 individuals in the experimental group and 15 in the control group were replaced. The measuring tools included Lazarus's Coping Strategies Scale (1985) and Lutz's Psychological Capital Scale (2007), which subjects completed before and after the life skills training program. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed using Spss21 software at a significant level of 0.05. Findings: The results showed that life skills training (14.3%) played a role in explaining the problem-focused coping strategy, but it was not effective in the emotion-focused coping strategy (P = 0.824). Life was 19.7% in explaining self-efficacy, 23.2% in explaining hope, and 17.1% in explaining the resilience of the experimental group. But the experiment group was not optimistic (P = 0.904). Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that life skills training has been effective in coping strategies and psychological capital of adolescents.

Purpose: This research was conducted with the aim of studying the essential components of curriculum social education in the elementary period. Methodology: The statistical population of the study included upstream documents such as the Transformation Document and the National Curriculum, both fully analyzed and analyzed. The statistical population and the statistical sample are equal in this research. The sample was the subject of the research. The results of this research show that social education in upstream documents is not as good as the goals. In the goals, the cognitive dimension is considered more than two other dimensions. Functional dimension has been neglected. To succeed, a program requires full attention to all three dimensions (cognitive, emotional, and functional). Findings: According to the research findings, the essential components of social education are the sense of truth of truth; tendency toward goodness; tendency towards gamal; tendency to creativity; virtue; aestheticism; creativity and innovation; love and worship; an inherent tendency toward worship ; Perfectionism; desire for immortality; truthfulness; desire for goodness; human tendency towards absolute perfection and worship; human tendency toward absolute perfection and worship; nature and freedom; nature and authority; opposition to human humility against one's being with fitting ; The integrity of jihad and defense; nature and justice; the requirements of nature regarding the homework and social rights of individuals; The integrity of the building of the tomb and its pilgrimage; the nature of truth-seeking and realism and adherence to the right. Discussion: The essential components of social education are the reference to the universe for the subjection of science; the adherence to science; the innate nature of science to the outside world; the innate logic of thought through the compilation of the premises And deduction from it; the nature of love; the nature of the attenuation and the nature of the possibility; the subjection of nature; the nature of the hope and the rhya; the nature of the illness and the nature of the defect and the principle of the principle.

Purpose: The objective of the present study was to present a model for training organizational citizenship behaviors in the Education Organization based on grounded theory. Methodology: The present study was applied in terms of objective. For a rich description of the experiences, attitudes and perception of the interviewees towards training organizational citizenship behaviors, the qualitative research method was used and in particular grounded theory (systematic approach) was used to achieve a paradigm model. The population of this study included professors, university experts and directors of education in Kermanshah Province. Sampling in the present study was purposeful, in which 14 people were selected from the mentioned ones. In this study, interviews have been used to collect their views related to the training of organizational citizenship behavior in the Education Organization. Content validity was used to evaluate the validity of the construct and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to evaluate the reliability. The research tool in this section was a questionnaire and for data analysis, SMART PLS3 and SPSS23 software were used. Findings: The results showed that causal conditions (employee empowerment; decentralization; and employee awareness of organizational citizenship behavior); axial phenomena (chivalry and forgiveness, conscientiousness; organizational spirituality; respect and esteem; and civic virtue); strategic factors (organizational contexts, fair and rapid feedback; observance of justice in the organization; policy making; and increasing employee motivation); confounding variables (personality traits; and cultural, social, political and economic conditions); background conditions (organizational culture, transformational leadership, and organizational support) and consequences (effectiveness and improvement of organizational performance; employee satisfaction; organizational commitment, cooperation and participation) affect the training of organizational citizenship behavior in the Education Organization. Conclusion: The study results showed the effect of each of the different categories on the training of organizational citizenship behavior. So, to succeed in this regard, special attention should be paid to these categories. Therefore, in order to achieve higher effectiveness and proper hiring of employees with extra-role behaviors, the Education Organization should consider and implement the necessary program and preparation for training organizational citizenship behaviors.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between analytical literacy and computer literacy with creativity and with the role of moderating gender in high school students in secondary period in Guilan province. Methodology: The method of descriptive research of correlational type and the statistical society included the high school students in secondary period of Guilan province in the first semester of the academic year 2020-2021. The statistical sample consisted of 384 people (191 females and 193 males) who were randomly selected by paper and electronic methods. The tools for measuring variables included Abedi creativity test, researcher-made questionnaire of computer literacy and analytical literacy. Data were analyzed using hierarchical regression analysis, multivariate regression and Z test. Findings: The results showed that the effect of computer literacy and analytical literacy on students' creativity is positive and significant. The effect of computer literacy by gender on creativity was also significant. Conclusion: The effect of computer literacy on analytical literacy has been positive and significant, too. The results can be used to predict creativity in male and female students.

Purpose: One of the main goals of the education system is to improve the academic performance of students. Therefore, the aim of this study was to comparison the effect of Gagne’s educational model and Keller’s educational-motivational model on academic motivation and achievement of seventh grade students. Methodology: This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest and posttest design with control group. The research population was seventh grade students of Zahedan city in 2019-20 academic years, which from them 60 people who were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly replaced in three equal groups including two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group was trained by Gagne’s educational model method and the second experimental group was trained by Keller’s educational-motivational model method for eight sessions of 45 minutes and the control group was trained by conventional method. Data were collected by academic motivation questionnaire (Harter, 1981) and research-made academic achievement test and analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS software. Findings: The findings of the present research showed that both methods of Gagne’s educational model and Keller’s educational-motivational model in compared to the control group significantly increased academic motivation and academic achievement of students (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two educational methods in increasing their academic motivation and academic achievement (P>0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, to increase and promote academic motivation and academic achievement of students can be used both methods of Gagne’s educational model and Keller’s educational-motivational model.

Take comprehensive and holistic social harm, risks and damage. Check the rights of consumers, from this perspective, a new look and dynamic, because the causes, effects and risk of non-compliance with consumer rights as a kind of social harm, discussed and examined. The first goal of manufacturers of goods and services in the economic cycle profitability. In fact, growers intend to sell their products and earn money in this regard, in some cases, consumer rights, the most important manufacturers of survival is to be applied. Disregard the social consequences of mistrust producers to consumers' rights, prosperity foreign goods, intangible victimization and lack of support from the government and bring the manufacturer. The authors of this paper shows that the foundations of Consumer Rights to the pathology violation of consumer rights and finally conclude that the population of consumers as a single entity, need to deal with the lawsuit group and institution building spontaneous, and finally, the request to amend the consumer protection Act, the community's social ills and dangers, is protected