درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: Teacher competencies in the education system is among the most influential and important issues. This importance is rooted in the critical role of teachers in educating people in a society, because the more teachers are prepared and qualified, the greater their impact on upgrading the education system. Methodology: In this regard, upstream documents, as the most extensive strategic and guidance texts, have given much attention to the teacher competencies, with regard to their mission, including directing and drawing the ideal human and the pursuit of a pure life. This study was conducted aimed at presenting a model for the teacher competencies in elementary education based on upstream documents. For this purpose, three major activities were carried out. Initially, upstream documents were examined to identify the components and instances of the teacher competencies, and the opinions of experts in the field were also used. Then, the model of the teacher competencies was designed according to the extracted instances and components. The qualitative method was used in this study and documentary research method was also used to investigate the first question. Findings: In this method, all the upstream documents, including the document of fundamental transformation of education, the national document as well as the scientific documents and literature in this field, were carefully studied so that all explicit and implicit instances and components of teacher training are extracted. Moreover, semi-structured interviews were conducted to gain the viewpoints of the experts in order to achieve the representing themes of competencies through content analysis. Discussion: Finally, the model of professional competencies was designed on the basis of the teacher competencies developed in the previous stages to examine the second question.

Background: Article 5 Commission of Iran’s Supreme Council for Urban Development and Architecture is a quasi-judicial authority that has a close connection with the rights of citizens. It has composed a part of the claims that most of the related lawsuits are of great importance with great amounts. There is a certain procedure for the authorities, such as the Dispute Resolution Council, which deals with claims under 20 million toman, but unfortunately, for there is no such a procedure for important cases of municipal commissions, including Article 5 Commission. Therefore, according to Article 170 of the Constitution, natural or legal entities may request the annulment of the matter against governmental and municipal regulations in the General Board of the Court. In this respect, the owners whose rights are not observed in accordance with the rules and regulations can complain to the Supreme Council's decisions in the General Board of the Court and thereby request the annulment of the Article 5 Commission’s approvals. Methodology and Objective: In the present article, the authors will review the annulment of the approvals of Article 5 Commission of Iran’s Supreme Council for Urban Development and Architecture by the Administrative Justice Court, using an analytical-descriptive research methodology as a library study through note-making method. Findings and Conclusions: In the review of the annulled approvals, it can be found that failure to observe the proprietary and the acquired rights of individuals established by the Supreme Council and Article 5 Commission during the recent years may lead to the outcome of complaints by the owners and the annulment of approvals. Finally, the annulment of the Article 5 Commission’s approvals by the Administrative Justice Court can be summarized in the following four major factors: 1. The approvals for delegating the authorities of the Article 5 Commission; 2. The approvals contrary to the urban development principles of the Article 5 Commission; 3. The approvals contrary to the Sharia of Islam; 4. The Gratuitous possession Approvals of the Article 5 Commission of Iran’s Supreme Council for Urban Development and Architecture.

Purpose: There is no doubt that one of the most important educational management and planning tasks of schools is to encourage youth to participate and cooperate in all matters. They can engage students in various school affairs by developing appropriate educational planning. This can help youth feel useful and get away from isolation and boredom as one example of fulfilling a happy and joyful life. The present study was aimed at investigating the relationship between academic self-regulation and metacognition with students’ academic achievement. Methodology: This was an applied research and followed a descriptive correlational method in terms of data collection. The statistical population included all students in Gilan-e-Gharb. 110 of them were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling method to participate in the study. To collect data, the self-regulatory questionnaire and Connell Ryan (1989) and O’Neill and Abedi metacognition questionnaire were used. Findings: The results showed a significant relationship between self-regulation and its dimensions including internal self-regulation, external self-regulation, cognitive self-regulation and internal motivation with student’s academic achievement. In addition, there was a significant relationship between metacognition and components of innovation and collaboration with students' academic achievement and the components of innovation and collaboration could predict students' academic achievement (P <0.05). Conclusion: Teachers can play an effective role in students’ academic achievement by creating a climate of collaboration and assistance among students in addition to creating a positive attitude toward the environment.

The horse especially those in black or white assume a much enigmatic stance in the Iranian culture and as we know, color plays the role of the decoder to a great number of concepts in legends. The black color represents often mourning and darkness. In Europe, the black color is viwed negatively. A person wearing black, or a black snake both are deemed as icons which represent dark and hopelessness. The dead are celebrated in black atmosphere within the church. Black, as opposed to white, was normally regarded as Ahriman and the forces related to him such as falsification, wickedness and evil throughout the ancient Iranian legends. From the very beginning of the "Legend of Creation", Ahura Mazda is in the bright Upper-World whereas Ahriman resides in the dark Lower-World. Nonetheless, in the same culture, black enjoys aspects of positive connotation such as in the black horses of the Kings in the Shahnameh which would signify their power. The color of the horse is often proportionate to the character of its rider in so far as the horses of heroes such as Kay Khosrow and Siyavosh are black ones too. Conversely, white in most cultures particularly in the Iranian one, is included within the colors which enjoy positive connotation notwithstanding a few exceptions. Among them, white horses and black ones have variant and significant stances and roles in the Persian Literature and Culture. The present article aims at a comparative study of the "black' and "white" horses in the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi.

Purpose: One of the indicators of economic development in the countries is the participation of citizens. One of the most important issues is the participation of citizens in paying taxes. Methodology: In this research, a model for promoting popular participation in paying taxes at the Tehran Tax Administration has been addressed. This study was carried out in combination; in the qualitative section, a sample of 20 individuals was deliberately targeted at experts in the field. The qualitative tool in the research was a semi-structured interview and a small tool for a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of this study is 384 attendants and 254 employees of the General Directorate. A random sampling method was used. According to the opinion of the professors, the tool was selected through the implementation of 30 questionnaires and the determination of Cronbach's alpha The research used in this study was exploratory factor analysis, T test, Factor Factor Analysis and Verifiable Factor Analysis, which was performed using SPSS software and Lisrel software and MonteCarloPCA program and structural equation modeling technique (SEM). Findings: The research findings show that in this study 8 factors have been discovered to increase the participation and its model has been extracted and approved by the experts. Among these factors, technological and economic have the highest value and have been introduced as the most important factor for promoting participation. Discussion: these couple therapy approaches can be used as a useful strategy for creating coherence and creating a conscious relationship to the interaction of mental elements to improve couples' relationships.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of students' attitudes toward entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial environment on entrepreneurial intention with respect to the moderating role of gender and family background. Methodology: The present research was applied in terms of purpose and quantitative research in terms of data collection. The statistical population included all business management students of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch of Science and Research, who have taken entrepreneurship courses as part of their curriculum. To determine the sample size, stratified random sampling was used and 297 people were selected using Morgan table. The data collection tool was the Jena Standard Questionnaire (2020) based on a 5-item scale. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed in terms of form and content by several experts, the validity was confirmed by calculating the trough and the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by calculating the square root of the AVE. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained through Cronbachs alpha for the whole questionnaire of 0.968.for data analysis, Cronbach's alpha tests, orthodontics (AVE), AVE root matrix, Kolmogrofs-Smirnov, confirmatory factor analysis and t-test bootstrap approach were used. Findings: The results showed that each of the components of attitude (emotional, behavioral and cognitive) and entrepreneurial environment has a significant effect on entrepreneurial intention. Discussion: This study also confirmed the effect of control groups (gender and family history of the entrepreneur) on the relationship between entrepreneurial attitude and intention.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the appropriateness of the content of the educational network - growth information with the educational needs and interests of its users. Methodology: The present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of implementation method. The research community of students and teachers of the second-high school of Nazarabad city were in the academic year of 2018-19. The sample size was calculated according to the Cochran's formula of 345 students and 105 teachers, who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The research instrument of the researcher-made questionnaire had two forms of student (41 items) and teacher (34 items). Their formal and content validity was confirmed by 10 experts and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha method for both student and teacher forms were 0.98. Was obtained. At the descriptive level, data analysis of central orientation and scattering indicators including mean, standard deviation, frequency and frequency percentage were used, and at the inferential level, t-test was used to test statistical hypotheses. Findings: The findings of the present study showed that the average content of the educational network - growth information in terms of needs and interests of students and teachers and their five dimensions in both groups including knowledge needs, skill needs, attitude needs, interests and thinking ability and problem solving below It was moderate (P <0.05). Conclusion: Due to the incompatibility of the content of the educational network - growth information with the educational needs and interests of students and teachers, it is necessary to design and prepare appropriate content after proper and comprehensive educational needs assessment.

Purpose: this study was conducted aimed to provide a knowledge management model for the branches of the Islamic Azad University of West Azerbaijan Province. Methodology: The present study was applied in terms of aim and quantitatively correlated in terms of implementation method. The study population was 654 faculty members of the Islamic Azad University of West Azerbaijan Province during the academic years 2020-21. The sample size was estimated n = 243 based on Cochran's formula who were selected by cluster sampling method with respect to gender ratio and scientific rank. The data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire (74 items), content validity of which was confirmed by experts and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha of 0.90. Exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling by SPSS-23 and LISREL-8.8 software were used for data analysis. Findings: The results of factor analysis showed that knowledge management with eight factors of infrastructure and information technology, knowledge management processes, organizational structure and setting, intellectual and innovative capital, human resources and training, knowledge leadership, and organizational management and culture explained 74% of the total variance of knowledge management. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the knowledge management model had a good fit and the eight factors had a direct and significant effect on knowledge management (P <0.05). Conclusion: According to the study results, planning to improve knowledge management through factors o infrastructure and information technology factors, knowledge management processes, organizational structure and setting, intellectual and innovative capital, human resources and training, knowledge leadership, and organizational management and culture is essential. For this purpose, the use of training workshops can be effective.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the storytelling and storytelling curriculum in preschool and presenting a favorable role model. Methodology: This study was a descriptive survey. The research method was mixed method. Due to the exploratory nature of the research and the way in which the data were collected and arranged, (firstly qualitatively and then quantitatively) this research has been classified into successive exploration plans. The qualitative part uses the documentary method and the quantitative part uses the descriptive survey method. The statistical environment of the study consisted of all books, articles, theses, and printed and electronic texts related to the subject. Structured interviews were used to collect data and purposeful sampling was used. Findings: The results of content analysis in qualitative part including open coding and axial coding showed that ratings of storytelling and storytelling components in preschool curriculum were from the strongest to the weakest, respectively: cognitive goals, attitude goals, skill goals, Evaluation, content, teaching and learning methods. The results of t-test showed that the mean of obtained sample (3.70) was higher than the mean of community (3) Conclusion: The results showed that storytelling and storytelling can have a significant role in the curriculum and motivate students to be more motivated and motivated to study formal and higher education. He should have a positive and positive impression of school and school.