درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Abstract purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of therapeutic reality on decreasing Emotional Disorders of Emotional Divorce Women. Method: The research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design, control and follow-up group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all women referring to counseling centers of Tehran in 1395 in 150 people who were emotionally divorced according to Gateman's 1998 emotional divorce questionnaire and 30 of them were randomly selected and replaced with random assignment and age matching in two groups (experimental and control group). Both groups responded to a difficult questionnaire as posttest for excitement regulation by Graz and Roemer (2004) after answering both groups a difficult questionnaire as posttest for excitement regulation by Graz and Roemer as a Pre-test and 8 Session selection Teaching Theory for the experimental group. The research was analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance. Results: The use of bonferroni post hoc test showed that the implementation of the independent variable led to a decrease in the mean of emotional non-ordering components including: Emotional responses rejection (p<0.05, SE-1.569, ∆x̄ - 4.380), difficulty in conducting purposeful behavior (p <0.01, SE = 9.68, ∆x̄ = 7.281) difficulty in impulse control (p<0.01, SE = 0.814, ∆x̄ =8.900 ) lack of emotional awareness(p<0.01, SE = 1.140, ∆x̄ =12.347 ) limited access to emotion regulation strategies(p<0.01, SE = 1.140, ∆x̄ =12.347 ) the lack of clarity of emotion in the experimental group compared to the control group(p<0.01, SE = 0.691, ∆x̄ =2.904 ).

Purpose: In participatory approach to second language teaching and learning, students actively engage in their own learning process and collaborate with others (Cobb, 1994; Greeno, 1998) to achieve their goals. Also, collaborative learning has been shown to encourage the growth of student interdependence (Bruffee, 1999), responsibility (Totten, Sills, Digby, & Russ, 1991), interpersonal skills (Rymes, 1997), and cognitive and critical thinking skills (Johnson & Johnson, 1986). Methodology: Adopting a sociocultural perspective, the present study has attempted to explore the attitude of teachers and learners toward the effectiveness of the method. In so doing, 60 Iranian EFL learners from two intact classes participated in the study, in which the learners from the two classes were randomly assigned to one control group and one experimental group. For fourteen sessions, the researcher in the control group class followed her regular teaching practice through the conventional book-based method of conducting an English class. In the experimental group class, however, the researcher adopted the participatory approach tasks and activities, in which she applied various participatory approach-based techniques, activities, role play, and problem solving activities, group work and collaborative tasks in the classroom instruction. Findings: Results of the comparison of the effects of the experimental participatory group and the control conventional group revealed that although the students in both groups improved their scores on the IELTS posttest, there was no statistically significant difference between the experimental group’s overall performance and that of the control group. Conclusion: Results of the interview with the students and teachers also revealed that both the students and the teachers had positive attitudes towards implementing the participatory approach and they were willing to use at least some of the tasks and activities in their future courses.

Purpose: The current study was conducted to discover the possible relationship between self-esteem and the productive skills of EFL learners in Iran across genders. Methodology: The design of the study was ex post facto or correlational design. Three instruments were used for data collection in the present study. A language proficiency test (Oxford Placement Test (OPT)) to measure the participants’ proficiency level, Cooper smith Self-Esteem Inventory and finally two tests of speaking and writing adopted from Preliminary English Test (PET). To begin the study, with the purpose of clearing the language proficiency level of the learners, the researchers gave all learners a language proficiency test in Payame Noor University in Tabriz. After the test, 52 candidates whose test scores were between one SD below and above the mean finally were selected as the homogeneous sample for further data collection. Then some parts of the data were collected by Copper smith's self-esteem questionnaire to find out the participants’ self-esteem. Finally the last part of the data which was the participants’ productive skills was gathered by two tests of speaking and writing adopted from PET. To test all the research hypotheses in the current study, the researchers run Pearson correlation analysis as the chief statistical analysis. Findings: The results indicated that, there was significant relationship between the self-esteem and productive skills of the learners in both genders. Conclusion: feelings of competence, confidence and good directedness influence learners’ performance. It means that, self-esteem could have a significant impact on the learners’ learning processes.