درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose- The present study aims at discovering the relationship between economic problems and limitations in Chahan rural district, and sociocultural weaknesses (with regard to the elements of peasant sub-culture). Design/methodology/approach- With regard to the purpose, it is an applied study and it is descriptive-analytical regarding its methodology. Data was collected in two ways: field and documentary. In field studies, we used questionnaires, interviews, and observations at the same time. The statistical population of the study includes 9 villages with 1121 households among 43 villages in Chahan Dehestan; and 285 households were selected as the sample using Cochran. Statistical analysis of the data was performed at two levels; at the first level, the correlation of 7 peasant sub-cultures were identified using Spearman test; and at the second level, the tests U and H were used to determine the differences among the above components in the society groups. Findings- The findings indicate that effectiveness of components like lack of innovation with significance coefficient of 0.022, extreme fatalism with significance coefficient equal to 0.020, and lack of foresight (disability to ignore immediate benefits for the sake of future benefits) with significance coefficient of 0.006 on economy was confirmed and it was proved that they limit economic sustainable development in the rural district under study. In addition, except for extreme fatalism and low level of dreams and wishes, the average of other components of peasant sub-culture are different with regard to gender, age, level of education, types of jobs, and sample villages. In general, what Rogers called a barrier to economic development in the villages in developing countries in his theory of peasant sub-culture, is not true in Chahan rural district (except for the three components whose negative effects were confirmed) but the cultural status of this society is such that it can protect and support economic sustainable development. Practical implications- Since the cultural features in the society under study support economic sustainable development (and does not prevent it), studying adaptability of economic plans with cultural status of the society and exploiting its elements smartly to facilitate the process of economic sustainable development in Chahan Dehestan is recommended. Originality/value- The present study explains the relationship between sociocultural factors (peasant sub-culture) and economic sustainable development through a combined method (qualitative-quantitative), and is the first scientific study in its kind in the studied scope

Purpose- Considering that a diversified economy can lay the proper groundwork for improving quality of life, the present study investigates and analyzes the efficacy of diversification on rural households’ quality of life. Design/methodology/approach - The study is descriptive-analytical and its population consists of rural settlements in Golmakan Dehestan, Chenaran County. “Economic activities diversification” is the independent variable of the study which is quantified in two agricultural and non-agricultural aspects, using 14 indicators. “Rural households’ quality of life” is the dependent variable which is quantified in three social, economic and physical-environmental aspects, using 48 indicators. Questionnaires were handed to 258 rural families in 15 villages and the average score of each indicator was considered as the score of each of the villages studied. The validity of the questionnaire was established through confirmatory factor analysis (65.72%) and its reliability was established by Cronbach's alpha (0.83). Findings - The results of the step-wise regression show that diversity of non-agricultural activities has a meaningful influence on the variation of the dependent variable (rural households’ quality of life), such that a change of one standard deviation in non-agricultural activities leads to a change of 0.6 of standard deviation in rural households’ quality of life. Therefore, non-agricultural activities are influential in improving the economic conditions of families, and consequently raising quality of life among rural families. Research limitations/implications - Among the limitations of the study, the dispersed area that the villages are located in, the long distance between some villages, and the unwillingness of rural households for filling out the questionnaire can be mentioned. According to the role of non-farm activities on improving quality of life, suggestion of the study is to improve non-farming economy in rural areas. This, naturally, requires more attention to national macro-policies along with localization and necessitates implementation of successful global models regarding diversification of non-farming economy in rural areas. Originality/Value- A review of the studies regarding economic activities diversification in Iran and the world shows that, at the time of this writing, none has dealt with the influence of economic activities diversification on rural families’ quality of life.

Purpose- The present study aimed to investigate the most important obstacles to the promotion of agricultural land consolidation in the rural areas of Kangavar County. This study seeks to answer a key question: What are the main obstacles to the implementation of agricultural land consolidation policy in the villages of the study area? Design/methodology/approach - The present research is an applied one conducted in a descriptive-analytical method; field work was used for data collection and factor analysis was used for data analysis. The population of the study included 1216 land users. Using Cochran's formula, 211 questionnaires were developed and randomly distributed among the users. The stratified sampling method was used to determine the number of samples in the villages. Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the coefficient of validity of the questionnaire in the village; the validity of the questionnaire was 0.816, which indicated the data were suitable for the research. Findings- The findings show that ‘the factor of investment and fund’ accounts for 14.445% of the variance, which is the most important obstacle to the development of land consolidation in the rural areas. However, the lack of support of government agencies and organizations, infrastructural weaknesses, individual factors, lack of creativity, lack of intellectual participation and trust, lack of management and production practices, lack of knowledge and awareness, and lack of access to communication facilities in rural areas are important constraints on land consolidation in the rural areas of the study.

Purpose - Gender analysis is a sort of methodology offering a comprehensive image of the contribution and role of women and men in the economy of a community. In this exploration, it has been endeavored to investigate the role and contribution of women in producing and profiting from the financial benefits of saffron as an essential and exportable economic product. Design/methodology/approach- For this purpose, 253 saffron producers in 9 villages of the cities of Torbat-e-Jam and Bakherz were studied as a statistical sample using descriptive-analytic research method, including a questionnaire and a semi-organized interview. Data were analyzed by T-test, MANOVA, Duncan and Fisher test using SPSS software and Rural Participatory Appraisal (PRA) research. Finding - The outcomes of the study exhibited that there is a significant difference between the participation of family members in the studied area during different phases of production (planting, harvesting, cropping, marketing, and sales). Moreover, the inferential findings revealed that although the men's participation ratio of only 24% is significantly higher than women's participation in the production of saffron, the benefit rate of the gained saffron production profit for the men (i.e. 74/16%,) is significantly higher than the benefit rate for women (i.e. 25/84%). The Rural Participatory Appraisal method also revealed that there is a significant difference between the physical participation and saffron income between males and females. In other words, men possess almost all the financial benefits of saffron production; in fact, women are deprived of the sources that can help them be empowered in economic and social areas. Of course, rural women in the study area did not express dissatisfaction with this issue, and they believed that this income would be well spent for the whole family.