درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Traditional bazaars have been at the center of tourism attractions in the world and regardless of the passage of time and change in culture and people’s life, it has preserved its status. This paper aims to recognize the values, concepts and the inner meanings in bazaars of Kurdistan. In the case study of bazaars of Sananadaji and Asef located in Sanandaj and Qeisar-I Naqib bazaar located in Sulaymaniyah a pattern is presented to determine the main effective components on sense-making along with tourism development. For this purpose, qualitative-quantitative research methodology has been employed. In qualitative part of the research, some interviews with 16 experts have been conducted, and by applying open coding method, 105 keywords have been recognized and derived, which ends up creating a 74-question questionnaire in eight components. The questionnaire has been standardized by applying content validity and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and was distributed among people by applying Cochran sample size determination and stratified sampling, and considering the optimum allocation of 190 Persian questionnaires among the people in Sanandaj bazaar and 40 Kurdish questionnaires among people in Sulaymaniyah bazaar. The results of confirmatory factor analysis led to recognize five components; they were 38 percent of the total variance coverage. According to the results of confirmatory factor analysis, the final model based on the components was confirmed. Among those components, emotional-perceptual and technical-physical components with the highest factor loading have been recognized as the most effective components of sense-making in the aforementioned bazaars along with tourism development.

Urbanization and urban development have been considered as one of the main phenomena of contemporary age. As the last century was called as industrial revolution, the current century can be called as urban revolution. Urbanization growth in its modern meaning has been originated from industrial countries and changed to a worldwide phenomenon in the second half of twenties century and was intensified more and more. One of the most important challenges which urban planners were faced by was the way of providing urban permanent financial resources. This challenge is more and more increased when the need for public services in cities and financial limitation in municipalities from other side are increasing. In this regard, one of the items seeming to be influential in stabilization of urban income in Tehran is the increase of health tourism capacities. This study has been practical in term of objective and descriptive analysis in term of method. In order to complete the information and better investigate the topic of the research a questionnaire was designed based on hypothesis and distributed among 155 health tourism experts and authorites in Tehran. The results showed that health tourism qualification is influential on stabilization and cooperation of urban incomes in Tehran.

Today, the tourism industry is regarded as the most inclusive service industry worldwide that serves as a substantial source of economic prosperity (job creation, foreign exchange earnings, poverty mitigation, etc.) and elevated exchanges and social interaction. For this, areas with a high potential in tourism should take proper strategies to hold the economic and socio-cultural benefits of this industry. Free trade zones in Iran, particularly Kish, Qeshm, and Chabahar, can primarily consider the tourism industry and attract tourists to achieve economic goals, as declared in the law governs the establishment of free zones and also in the economic, social and cultural program of the country. Herein, this work attempts to identify appropriate strategies for tourism development in Qeshm Free Trade Zone to develop the tourism industry and economic-cultural sectors. For this, the strengths and weaknesses (internal factors) and opportunities and threats (foreign factors) were identified using the SWOT technique and the opinions of experts and specialists. The multi-criteria decision model ANP (an analytic network process) was used to prioritize and rank internal and external factors and determine the ultimate value of a collection of internal and external factors, aiming to prioritize and adopt the best strategy in the form of SO, WO, ST, and WT solutions. And the final value of each of these solutions was respectively 0.28, 0.39, 0.23, and 0.49. Initial results indicated the supremacy of the offensive strategy with the highest value (0.49) that is considered as the predominant strategy. The foremost strengths and opportunities in the region include investment in the private sector, security for tourists, the distribution and variety of tourist attraction sources, and the participation of indigenous people in the Qeshm region.  

Geotourism is a relatively new concept in tourism industry which has considerable growth in recent decade. The variety of geological phenomena in Iran is unique and remarkable. Rageh Canyon, near Rafsanjan city in Iran, with a length of 20 km and a width of 180 meters, and a depth of 70 meters, is beautiful and majestic. This Canyon is the result of the eroding of the water of the permanent river of Givederi, and is related to the Quaternary, and is estimated to be about 20, 000 years old. The erosion of the water in the region has caused a very beautiful shape in the walls of the Rageh Valley, which has added to the beauty of the area. The beauty and uniqueness of this valley has made some people consider the attractiveness of this region to the Shahdad Clement plain in terms of tourism potential. Now the canyon is a place for the presence of some observation tours of the sky, valley climbing and climbing. Rafsanjan is a pistachio pole in Iran, which has a single-product economy. By identifying and introducing natural phenomena such as Rageh Canyon as geotourism attractions, this city can be extracted from the singleeconomy. So the tourism industry in the city booms.