درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

زبان شناسی

حوزه‌های تخصصی
ادبیات اقتصاد تاریخ تربیت بدنی جغرافیا حقوق روانشناسی زبان شناسی علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی علوم اجتماعی علوم اسلامی علوم انسانی علوم تربیتی علوم سیاسی فلسفه و منطق مدیریت مطالعات زنان هنر و معماری
زبان شناسی چیست؟ زبان شناسی کاربردی زبان شناسی نظری سیر تحول زبان شناسی (تاریخچه) علوم مرتبط میان رشته ای ها نقد و بررسی کتاب
ترتیب بر اساس: جدیدترینپربازدیدترین
فیلترهای جستجو: فیلتری انتخاب نشده است.
نمایش ۱۰٬۴۶۱ تا ۱۰٬۴۸۰ مورد از کل ۱۰٬۶۸۷ مورد.
۱۰۴۶۱.

روند معیارسازی در زبان مازندرانی(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: گویش شناسی و فرهنگ عامه سال اول بهار و تابستان ۱۴۰۲ شماره ۱ 39 - 67

کلیدواژه‌ها: زبان معیار زبان مازندرانی معیارسازی برنامه ریزی زبانی لهجه های مازندرانی

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۷۴ تعداد دانلود : ۵۹
روند تبدیل گونه ای از یک زبان به زبان معیار را در اصطلاح جامعه شناسی زبان، معیارسازی می نامند. یکی از راه های بالا بردن جایگاه و اعتبار یک زبان، ایجاد گونه معیار در آن است؛ به طوری که وجود آن را یکی از ملاک ها برای تشخیص زبان از گویش دانسته اند. در این نوشته، قصد داریم روند رسیدن به گونه معیار در زبان مازندرانی را مورد بررسی قرار دهیم؛ اینکه: چه ضرورتی برای رسیدن به زبان معیار در زبان مازندرانی وجود دارد و مراحل و راه های رسیدن به آن بر اساس دیدگاه زبان شناس نروژی آینار هاگن کدام است. در ابتدا به این موضوع پرداختیم که معیارسازی چیست و زبان معیار چه ویژگی هائی دارد؛ سپس ضرورت های معیارسازی زبان مازندرانی مطرح شده که عبارتند از: استفاده از زبان محلی در رادیو و تلویزیون، چاپ کتاب و روزنامه به زبان مازندرانی، کاربرد زبان مازندرانی در فضای مجازی و آموزش زبان مازندرانی در سطح مدارس و دانشگاه ها؛ در پایان، وضعیت زبان مازندرانی از نظر معیارسازی در چهار مرحله: انتخاب گونه معیار، تدوین و تثبیت، گسترش نقش ها و بالاخره پذیرش آن از طرف جامعه تشریح شده است.
۱۰۴۶۲.

The Impact of Playing Word Games on Young Iranian EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Learning and Retention(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Applied Linguistics Vol. ۷, No. ۱۴, Spring ۲۰۱۴ 67 - 82

کلیدواژه‌ها: Vocabulary Learning Vocabulary Retention Young EFL Learners Word Games

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۷۴ تعداد دانلود : ۶۳
Acquiring adequate vocabulary in a foreign language is very important but often difficult. Considering the importance of learner’s vocabulary learning and retention, the present study aimed at examining the impact of playing word games on young Iranian EFL learners’ vocabulary learning and retention at Irandoostan language Institute in Tabriz. To that end, 50 female learners at the age range of 8-12 were selected and assigned into an experimental (n=25) and a control (n=25) group. The design of the study was quasi-experimental with pretest, immediate posttest and delayed posttest. The content of the tests were based on the students’ course books and consisted of 20 items. The researcher utilized the word games in order to teach the selected vocabulary items during the course which lasted for a month and a half. The games were played each session for about 15 minutes. The experimental group was engaged in playing word games as a treatment and the control group received usual instruction. After the treatment, the participants in both groups took the post-test and after two weeks the learners were asked to take the test once more. This time their scores were assigned as the retention post-test scores. The mean scores of two groups were compared three times through the independent samples t-test. The results of the data analysis revealed that playing word games were effective in helping learners to improve their vocabulary learning and retention.
۱۰۴۶۳.

EFL Students’ Attitudes towards Self-Access Language Learning Centers (SALC): The Case of Iranian ESP Students(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Applied Linguistics Vol. ۴, No. ۹, fall ۲۰۱۱ 64 - 96

کلیدواژه‌ها: autonomy autonomous learning English for Specific Purposes (ESP) Self-Access Centre (SAC) Self-Access Language Learning (SALL(

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۷۲ تعداد دانلود : ۴۳
This article presents the attitude of ESP learners towards the role of Self-Access Language Learning Centres in improving their reading comprehension. It provides an evaluation of the success of these contents as well as an interpretation of students’ understanding of the related concepts. Finally it identifies factors that enhance or hinder the successful implementation of Self-Access Language Learning. Both qualitative and quantitative instruments were used to elicit data that give insight into learners’ perceptions of the issues under review. Self-Access Language Learning was evaluated positively by the students, both as a means to improve specialised English and as a means to develop autonomy as well as autonomous learning skills. The study identified a number of factors that contributed to these perceptions. It also revealed that students’ understanding of independent learning is rather shallow. Finally a number of recommendations were made for a successful implementation of Self-Access Language Learning into a curriculum.
۱۰۴۶۴.

بازشناسی پراکندگی زبانی- جغرافیایی گونه های زبانی لُری در سه استان همدان، لرستان و خوزستان با استفاده از رویکرد گویش سنجی(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: گویش شناسی و فرهنگ عامه سال اول بهار و تابستان ۱۴۰۲ شماره ۱ 141 - 169

کلیدواژه‌ها: زبان لکی زبان لری تناوب آوایی- واژگانی گویش سنجی الگوریتم فاصله لونشتاین

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۷۴ تعداد دانلود : ۷۳
در این پژوهش، داده های زبانی 80 جایگاه در محدوده ی جغرافیایی جنوب استان همدان، استان لرستان و شمال استان خوزستان با به کارگیری بسته نرم افزاری نقشه نگاری و گویش سنجی گب مپ و استفاده از الگوریتم فاصله ی لونشتاین مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته اند. هدف از انجام این مطالعه، به دست آوردن تقسیم بندی دقیق از گونه های زبانی رایج در منطقه و چگونگی ارتباط آن ها با یکدیگر با ترسیم نقشه، پلات، نمودار و در نهایت به دست آوردن تصویری از وضعیت زبان شناختی و قوم شناسی ساکنین منطقه ی مورد مطالعه است. داده های مورد استفاده در این پژوهش، 100 واژه را شامل می گردد که با روش های میدانی و کتابخانه ای از 80 گویشور بومی منطقه جمع آوری شده و در مجموع 8000 واژه در این مطالعه مورد گویش سنجی قرار گرفته اند. در نتیجه ی انجام این پژوهش، سه گونه ی اصلی لری شمالی، لری بختیاری و لکی در منطقه ی مورد مطالعه شناسایی شدند. همچینین، مشخص شد که گونه های فرعی به دست آمده (لری شمالی A، لری شمالی B1، لری شمالی B2، لری بختیاری A و لری بختیاری B) متفاوت از تقسیم بندی های پیشین گونه های لری هستند و به صورت پیوستاری زبانی در پهنه ی جغرافیایی مورد نظر پراکنده شده اند. بررسی تناوب های آوایی و واژگانی داده های این پژوهش نیز همگی ماهیت پیوستاری بودن این گونه ها را تایید می کند.
۱۰۴۶۵.

Comparative Critical Reading Strategy and Writing Achievement of Iranian EFL Learners(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Applied Linguistics Vol. ۱, No. ۲, Summer ۲۰۰۸ 117 - 130

کلیدواژه‌ها: Critical Reading Writing Ability Comparative Strategy

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۷۲ تعداد دانلود : ۴۳
The present study was undertaken to investigate the impact of comparative critical reading strategy on the writing ability of Iranian learners who were learning English as a foreign language (EFL). In order to carry on the study, 60 participants (25 males and 35 females aged between 19 to 27) at intermediate level of language proficiency were randomly assigned to two groups; that is, the experimental and control groups. The participants in the experimental group experienced critical reading by comparing texts, whereas the members of the control group practiced reading texts in the traditional way and answered comprehension questions. The results of the comparisons between the means of the two groups through t-tests proved that practicing comparative critical reading strategy had a significant effect on the improvement of the writing ability of the experimental group. However, the comparison between the means showed no significant difference in the reading ability of the two groups.
۱۰۴۶۶.

اصطلاحات و اسامی خوراکی ها در زبان تالشی شمالی(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: گویش شناسی و فرهنگ عامه سال اول پاییز و زمستان ۱۴۰۲ شماره ۲ 155 - 163

کلیدواژه‌ها: زبان تالشی تالشی شمالی عنبران غذاهای تالشی

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۷۲ تعداد دانلود : ۷۴
ارزشمند بودن تحقیق در مورد گویش ها و لهجه ها بر هیچ کس پوشیده نیست. لذا با گردآوری و ثبت و ضبط داده های گویشی بسیاری از ناشناخته های زبانی و فرهنگی یک قوم شناخته می شود و از نابودی و خاموشی آن ها کاسته می شود و راهی برای حفظ و ماندگاری زبان ها و فرهنگ ها است. همچنین برای گسترده کردن زبان معیار باید اول به گویش های رایج توجه بیشتری شود و این برای بقای زبان ملی و معیار ضروری می باشد. داده های این پژوهش از منطقه عنبران در استان اردبیل به صورت میدانی جمع آوری شده است. گویشی که در منطقه عنبران بدان تکلم می شود، تالشی شمالی می باشد. زبان تالشی یکی از زبان های شمال غربی ایران است که به سه دسته شمالی، مرکزی، و جنوبی تقسیم می شود. قوم تالش امروز در مناطق وسیعی از حاشیه جنوب غربی دریای خزر در استان گیلان و همچنین در جمهوری آذربایجان و قسمت هایی از استان اردبیل سکونت دارند. بعد از جمع آوری داده ها ابتدا با دقت آوانگاری شدند و سپس برگردان فارسی هر کدام نیز نوشته شد.
۱۰۴۶۷.

Developing a Diagnostic-Oriented Scale for EFL Academic Writing: An Empirical Approach(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: The Journal of English Language Pedagogy and Practice, Vol.۱۷, No.۳۵, Fall & Winter ۲۰۲۴ -

کلیدواژه‌ها: Scale development Diagnostic Assessment EFL academic writing empirical approach descriptor

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۷۲ تعداد دانلود : ۴۷
Despite growing interest in diagnostic assessment tools in second language writing, limited empirical research has addressed their development for EFL contexts. Responding to this need, this study aimed to develop and validate a diagnostic-oriented rating scale designed to deliver targeted feedback on Iranian EFL learners’ academic writing. Using a mixed-methods approach, essential descriptors reflecting core writing skills were identified through think-aloud protocols and expert feedback, followed by quantitative analyses to ensure reliability and validity. The findings indicate that the 21 empirically derived descriptors capture essential aspects of academic writing—content fulfillment, organizational knowledge, and language use—enabling instructors to assess learner proficiency with greater precision. The scale’s validation process, including inter-rater reliability, content validity, and criterion-related validity checks, supports its effectiveness as a diagnostic tool closely aligned with expert evaluations. This tool is a valuable resource for both large-scale assessments and classroom applications, supporting a learner-centered approach and empowering students to address specific writing challenges.
۱۰۴۶۸.

The Comparative Effect of Reading-to-Write and Writing-Only Tasks on the Improvement of EFL Learners’ Writing Ability(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Applied Linguistics Vol. ۶, No. ۱۲, Spring ۲۰۱۳ 24 - 40

کلیدواژه‌ها: Writing Ability reading-to-write tasks writing-only tasks

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۷۸ تعداد دانلود : ۴۹
The ability to write effectively is becoming progressively important and instruction in writing is assuming an increasing role in second and foreign language education. Students’ writing abilities have been tested through various writing tasks. Independent tasks of writing or writing-only tasks have been utilized to test students’ writing ability; however, they have been criticized for their lack of authenticity and validity and integrated tasks of writing have been proposed as an alternative. In this regard, this study attempted to examine the impacts of reading-to-write and writing-only tasks on the writing ability of Iranian EFL learners. The main participants of the study were 68 intermediate-level EFL learners divided into two homogeneous groups: experimental and control. After the writing pretest, the experimental group was given reading-to-write tasks for 15 sessions, while the control group was provided with writing-only tasks. Eventually, a writing posttest was administered. The statistical analyses of the collected data revealed a statistically significant difference between the writing ability of the participants of the two groups. To be precise, reading-to-write tasks were found to be more effective than writing-only tasks. The data collected via the reading-to-write questionnaire was likewise analyzed with the results showing a unanimous preference for reading-to-write tasks.
۱۰۴۶۹.

The Attitudes of Iranian EFL Learners toward Cross-Cultural Factors in Language Learning(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Applied Linguistics Vol. ۲, No. ۵, fall ۲۰۰۹ 99 - 129

کلیدواژه‌ها: attitude Cross-Cultural Factors Culture as Content cultural background cultural distance

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۷۲ تعداد دانلود : ۵۳
The cultural background in language teaching has, for a number of reasons, recently moved to the foreground. Broadly speaking, there has been a shift in emphasis in course design from a pre-occupation with form to an interest in content. This article describes the results of a survey designed to elicit the views of students on what language teaching should be about. 400 students learning English in Kish-Language Institute, Kashan branch were chosen as participants of the study based on their proficiency level (Starter, Elementary, Intermediate and Advanced) in order to answer the questionnaire. Each question was designed in the form of a five point Likert Scale. The results were analysed using Binomial and MANOVA Tests. The obtained Results in this study indicate that except for Elementary level, other levels favoured bilingual/bicultural teacher. In relation to varieties of English, American English was liked most by Intermediate and Advanced students. All students had an overall positive attitude towards the native speaker pronunciation and finally the most favoured course contents were revealed to be science and social facts, students’ past experiences, English/American Literature along with culture of other countries.
۱۰۴۷۰.

نگرش های زبانی گویشوران در همزیستی فارسی و مازندرانی در استان مازندران(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: زبان شناسی و گویش های خراسان سال ۱۷ بهار ۱۴۰۴ شماره ۳۸ 104 - 77

کلیدواژه‌ها: فارسی مازندرانی دو زبانگی برخورد زبانی نگرش زبانی تغییر زبان

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۷۰ تعداد دانلود : ۶۹
تحولات اجتماعی، اقتصادی، سیاسی و فرهنگی به همراه توسعه تکنولوژی و ارتباطات در سال های اخیر در کشورمان موجب گرایش گویشوران زبان های بومی و اقلیت به زبان فارسی شده است و این روند تهدیدی برای بقای زبان های اقلیت به حساب می آید. دراین بین، نگرش زبانی گویشوران نسبت به زبان مادری شان یکی از عوامل مؤثر و تعیین کننده در سرنوشت این زبان هاست. این پژوهش به بررسی نگرش های زبانی گویشوران نسبت به زبان مازندرانی و فارسی در استان مازندران و هم چنین تأثیر برخی عوامل اجتماعی مانند سن، جنسیت و شهرنشینی بر این نگرش ها پرداخته است. جمعیت نمونه شامل 1200 گویشور مازندرانی از سه گروه سن ی، در پنج شهر و دوازده منطقه روستایی و از دو گروه جنسیتی زن و مرد می باشند. یافته های پژوهش حکایت از آن دارد که بسیاری از گویشوران مازندرانی به قابلیت و اهمیت این زبان اعتقاد چندانی ندارند و درمجموع نگرش های منفی نسبت به مازندرانی غالب است. هم چنین تحلیل ها نشان دادند که درمجموع گروه های سنی پایین تر گرایش بیشتری به زبان فارسی دارند و زنان بیش از مردان و شهرنشینان بیش از روستانشینان به زبان فارسی علاقه مندند. با توجه به گسترش شهرنشینی از یک سو و نقش نسل جوان و به ویژه دختران به عنوان مادران آینده، در انتقال زبان مادری به نسل آینده، می توان پیش بینی کرد که خطر زوال، مازندرانی را تهدید می کند.
۱۰۴۷۱.

Exploring Research Designs, Purposes, and Tools of Data Collection in Applied Linguistics Mixed Methods Research(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Applied Research on English Language, V. ۱۴, N. ۲, ۲۰۲۵ 29 - 52

کلیدواژه‌ها: mixed methods research quality review Applied linguistics meta-inference

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۷۱ تعداد دانلود : ۵۴
Evaluating research designs plays a pivotal role in promoting principled Mixed Methods Research (MMR). Although the quality of mixed methods designs has been among the most debated topics, scant attention has been drawn to the investigation of Applied Linguistics (AL) Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC) journals. Informed by this gap, the present exploratory sequential mixed methods study aimed at analyzing the research designs, tools of data collection, and purposes of 303 MMR articles published in 12 leading ISC journals. This involved a qualitative content analysis using a code sheet based on established MMR typologies, followed by a quantitative frequency analysis to determine the prevalence of these coded categories. The findings indicated that sequential designs were more frequently used in the corpus. Moreover, as regards the tools of data collection, questionnaires and interviews were the most commonly utilized ones. Finally, exploration purpose was the prime purpose opted for by the researchers in the study corpus. The study highlights the importance of conducting principled MMR through the reconceptualization of designs from method to methodology level. It further argues for a systemic view of MMR in which there is a cyclic interaction among fully integrated stages of an MMR design. The implications of the findings are discussed throughout the paper.
۱۰۴۷۲.

Metalinguistic Awareness and the Accuracy of Postgraduate TEFL Students’ Writing: Teacher’s Focus vs. Learners’ Focus(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Applied Linguistics Vol. ۶, No. ۱۳, fall ۲۰۱۳ 146 - 166

کلیدواژه‌ها: writing Focus on Form Grammatical accuracy Metalinguistic Awareness

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۷۲ تعداد دانلود : ۵۶
The sway of the pendulum in language pedagogy towards conscious learning processes marks the paramount role of metalinguistic awareness. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to compare the impact of teacher-oriented vs. learner-generated metalinguistic awareness activities on Iranian TEFL students’ writing accuracy. Sixty participants in three intact classes were randomly assigned as one control, and two experimental groups. All the participants received the same process-oriented instruction based on identical teaching materials. In the first experimental group, the teacher-focus metalinguistic awareness (TFMA) group, however, a collection of various form-focused activities, compiled by the teacher, was assigned and reviewed in the class weekly. In the learner-focused metalinguistic awareness (LFMA) group, the same assignments were assigned as supplementary self-study activities. The control group did not receive any structural assignments. The treatment perpetuated for six sessions and the analyses of the data obtained from the writing post-test revealed that both TFMA and LFMA groups outperformed the control group by producing more accurate writing and that the TF group surpassed the LF group. The findings lend credence to the significance of language awareness in EFL contexts and offer a number of pedagogical implications.
۱۰۴۷۳.

The Analysis of the Discourse Markers in the Narratives Elicited from Persian-speaking Children(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Applied Linguistics Vol. ۶, No. ۱۲, Spring ۲۰۱۳ 159 - 173

کلیدواژه‌ها: Coherence functions of discourse markers narrative elements retell story produce story

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۷۲ تعداد دانلود : ۴۹
Discourse markers (DMs) are linguistic elements that index different relations and coherence between units of talk. Most research on the development of these forms has focused on conversations rather than narratives. This article examines age and medium effects on use of various discourse markers in pre-school children. Fifteen normal Iranian monolingual children, male and female, participated in this study. They were divided into three age groups (4-5, 5-6, 6-7). Two tests, story production and story re-production (retelling), based on two different story books were used to elicit the children's narratives. This study shows that the functions of DMs within the oral narrative context follow neither from their usual meanings nor from their usual discourse functions in other contexts. These markers just help to continue the narrative procedure. Narrative experts illustrate how DMs initiate and conclude narrative action, how they guide listeners to follow their interruption and sequence of narrative elements. The results showed no specific difference on the kind of DM being used regarding the age of the participants; furthermore, in terms of the number of utterances and also DMs, children overall behaved differently when they were asked to retell a story, comparing to the time when they were asked to produce a story.
۱۰۴۷۴.

Pragmatic Representations in Iranian High School English Textbooks(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Applied Linguistics, Vol.۸, No.۱۶, Spring ۲۰۱۵ 187 - 198

کلیدواژه‌ها: Pragmatic Representation Text Books Speech Acts Language Functions

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تعداد بازدید : ۷۱ تعداد دانلود : ۴۹
Owing to the growing interest in communicative, cultural and pragmatic aspects of second language learning in recent years, the present study tried to investigate representations of pragmatic aspects of English as a foreign language in Iranian high school textbooks. Using Halliday’s (1978), and Searle’s (1976) models, different language functions and speech acts were specifically determined and examined in high school textbooks. The results indicated that there were major insufficiencies in pragmatic representations in these books. These problems were related to inadequate coverage of different speech acts and language functions, lack of authenticity in the dialogues, inappropriate simplifications and reductions, lack of grading, unsystematic presentations, providing no meta-pragmatic information, and presenting English speech acts embedded in dialogues with Iranian culture, religion, and norms. The results indicate that material developers and textbook designers need to consider these aspects to help learners to be able to learn second language more efficiently and appropriately.
۱۰۴۷۵.

Scaffolding EFL Oral Performance through Story Maps and Podcasts and Students’ Attitudes toward it(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Applied Linguistics Vol. ۷, No. ۱۵, fall ۲۰۱۴ 71 - 90

کلیدواژه‌ها: oral proficiency attitude Scaffolding Story map Podcast Story-retelling

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تعداد بازدید : ۷۱ تعداد دانلود : ۵۱
The present study sought to explore the impact of story maps and audio podcasts as scaffolds on oral proficiency of Iranian EFL learners. The quasi-experimental study was launched with 36 EFL undergraduates in three groups by adopting a counterbalanced 3 3 Latin squared design. All participants were indiscriminately, but in a specified order, exposed to the three treatment conditions of story retelling, story retelling plus story map, and story retelling plus podcast, and post-tested sequentially. The Latin square analysis of the oral assessment scale showed statistically meaningful differences under the treatment conditions for the groups. The post-hoc test also showed overachievements of the participants under the treatment conditions of story retelling plus story map and story retelling plus podcasts. The performance under podcast condition was significantly better than performances under the story map and short story conditions. The post-experiment opinion survey showed the learners’ preferences for and positive attitudes towards podcast and story map as scaffolds in developing EFL oral proficiency. The participants welcomed integration of the scaffolds into EFL speaking courses.
۱۰۴۷۶.

Foreign Language Anxiety and the EFL Learners’ Intention to Continue their English Language Learning(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Applied Linguistics Vol. ۷, No. ۱۵, fall ۲۰۱۴ 42 - 51

کلیدواژه‌ها: Age Gender foreign language anxiety Intention to continue English studies

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Anxiety undoubtedly plays an influential role in the experience of foreign language learning. This affective factor has attracted lots of researchers and has been the subject pool of scholarly research worldwide. However, research on the effect of demographic variables on foreign language anxiety (FLA) and the effect of FLA on the learners’ intention to continue their English language education is still limited. Therefore, to bridge this gap, the present study intended to explore the role of gender and age in EFL learners’ FLA level. In addition, the potential effect of learners’ FLA in their decision whether to continue their English studies was tested. To this end, a sample of 295 university EFL learners completed FLA questionnaire and a demographic form. The findings showed that there was no significant correlation between the age of the learners and their FLA level. FLA differences with respect to gender did not reach the statistical significance either. However, it was found that FLA could significantly affect the learners’ willingness to continue their English language education. The findings were discussed and implications were made.
۱۰۴۷۷.

The Impact of Contextual Clue Selection on Inference(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Applied Linguistics Vol. ۳, No. ۶, Spring ۲۰۱۰ 19 - 39

کلیدواژه‌ها: listening comprehension inférence Contextual Clue Mental Knowledge

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تعداد بازدید : ۷۰ تعداد دانلود : ۵۱
Linguistic information can be conveyed in the form of speech and written text, but it is the content of the message that is ultimately essential for higher-level processes in language comprehension, such as making inferences and associations between text information and knowledge about the world. Linguistically, inference is the shovel that allows receivers to dig meaning out from the text with selecting different embedded contextual clues. Naturally, people with different world experiences infer similar contextual situations differently. Lack of contextual knowledge of the target language can present an obstacle to comprehension (Anderson & Lynch, 2003). This paper tries to investigate how true contextual clue selection from the text can influence listener’s inference. In the present study 60 male and female teenagers (13-19) and 60 male and female young adults (20-26) were selected randomly based on Oxford Placement Test (OPT). During the study two fiction and two non-fiction passages were read to the participants in the experimental and control groups respectively and they were given scores according to Lexile’s Score (LS)[1] based on their correct inference and logical thinking ability. In general the results show that participants’ clue selection based on their personal schematic references and background knowledge differ between teenagers and young adults and influence inference and listening comprehension. [1]- This is a framework for reading and listening which matches the appropriate score to each text based on degree of difficulty of text and each text was given a Lexile score from zero to four.
۱۰۴۷۸.

بررسی کارکرد پیشوند فعلی vā- در گویش خواجه ای(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: گویش شناسی و فرهنگ عامه سال دوم پاییز و زمستان ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۲ 171 - 208

کلیدواژه‌ها: افعال پیشوندی پیشوند فعلی vā- فارسی میانه گویش خواجه ای

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این پژوهش کارکردهای پیشوند فعلی vā- «وا» در گویش خواجه ای بررسی می کند. این گویش در دهستان خواجه ای از توابع بخش میمند شهرستان فیروزآباد واقع در استان فارس رواج دارد. بدین منظور، 27 فعل پیچیده ساخته شده با این پیشوند، بررسی و کارکردها و ویژگی هایِ ساختاری-معنایی آن ها، تحلیل می شوند. روش بررسی به این صورت است که نخست معادل هر فعل در زبان فارسی نو و میانه (در صورت وجود) آورده می شود و ریشه فعل در زبان ایرانی باستان نشان داده می شود. در ادامه، مفهوم و کارکرد(های) فعل همراه با مثال در گویش خواجه ای اراﺋﻪ می گردد. گویش خواجه ای مورد نظر در این پژوهش، گویش رایج در روستای باوریان است که نویسند، خود گویشور آن است. مهم ترین یافته های پژوهش پیش رو این است که نخست، سه مورد از این افعال پیشوندی نیستند. دوم این که، در مواردی این پیشوند در هر بافتی، معنای متفاوتی را به یک فعل واحد داده است. دیگر یافته حاکی از این است که پیشوند vā- در بیشتر فعل ها باعث برجسته سازی یکی از معناهای فعل بسیط شده و فقط در یک مورد معنای جدیدی به فعل بسیط داده است. در دو فعل نیز، این پیشوند به معنای «دوباره» بر تکرار عمل دلالت دارد.
۱۰۴۷۹.

The Effect of Teaching Communication Strategies on Iranian EFL Learners’ Speaking Self- efficacy in Content-based Courses(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Applied Linguistics Vol. ۵, No. ۱۰, Spring ۲۰۱۲ 220 - 238

کلیدواژه‌ها: Communication Strategies Content-based Course Self-Efficacy in Speaking

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تعداد بازدید : ۷۱ تعداد دانلود : ۴۸
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of teaching communication strategies on students’ self-efficacy in speaking in content-based courses in Iranian EFL context. To this end, 30 students in two content-based classes, one as the experimental group and another as the control group, in SAMA private junior high school school in Tabriz, participated in this study. Communication strategy instruction was taught explicitly over a period of 16 one-hour sessions to the experimental group, while the control group didn’t receive any explicit communication strategy teaching. Data on the learners’ self-efficacy in speaking were collected through a researcher made questionnaire. The results of the data analysis using ANCOVA revealed the positive effect of teaching communication strategies (CSs) on students’ self efficacy in speaking in content-based courses in Iranian EFL context. The findings of this study have important implications for material developers for designing activities involving communication strategies and for teacher training programs for teaching communication strategies to improve learners’ self-efficacy regarding speaking skill.
۱۰۴۸۰.

The Effects of Output-Based Podcasts, Corrective Feedback, and Funds of Identity on Speaking Ability and Willingness to Communicate(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: English Language Teaching and Learning. No. ۳۵, Spring & summer ۲۰۲۵ 325 - 350

کلیدواژه‌ها: Funds of identity Output-Based Podcasts Teacher CF willingness to communicate

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تعداد بازدید : ۶۹ تعداد دانلود : ۶۳
This study examines the influence of output-based podcasts (OBPs), the mediating effect of funds of identity (FoI), and teacher corrective feedback (CF) on L2 speaking of Iranian pre-intermediate learners and their willingness to communicate (WTC). The study also surveys the attitudes of the experimental groups toward OBPs and CF, as well as their probable attitude and WTC changes over time. To these ends, 60 participants were randomly divided into two experimental groups (the OBPs + CF and theOBPs – CF group) and a control group. Podcasts were created based on themes congruent and incongruent with students' FoI. The data was collected through pretest, immediate and delayed posttests, (attitude, WTC, and FoI) questionnaires, reflective journals, as well as an interview. Results demonstrated that OBPs improved the experimental groups’ speaking ability. Moreover, CF pushed learners to perform better. FoI also proved to be pivotal in triggering learners’ WTC. Learners had positive attitudes toward OBPs and FoI in improving their speaking skill. Furthermore, learners’ WTC changed positively over time as a result of creating podcasts. Integrating FoI into creating podcasts improved learners' performance, increased their WTC, and brought them more satisfaction. As such, OBPs based on students' FoI are suggested to serve as an alternative teaching method to traditional lecturing.  

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