درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

We deal with a wide range of colors in our daily life. They are such ubiquitous phenomena that is hard and next to impossible to imagine even a single entity (be it an object, place, living creature, etc) devoid of them. They are like death and tax which nobody can dispense with. This omnipresence of colors around us has also made its way through abstract and less tangible entities via the interaction between culture and cognition. In an attempt to shed further light on the way that color meanings could be extended in different languages and cultures, the present study sought to investigate the semantic extension of Persian and English color terms based on cultural data. The findings revealed the existence of both language-idiosyncratic and general tendencies for both Persian and English languages with respect to semantic extension of color terms. It was also shown that Persian and English speakers mostly use the same mechanisms of metonymy, metaphor and sense of opposite relation based on cultural data and their experience of the physical world to develop more and more color meanings. Furthermore, the study suggested that the direction and development of the semantic domain of a color term mainly depends on its already developed semantic properties and is not accidental. Two other accidental points were also found in the study. First, the borrowing, acceptance and the usage of a color expression from another language might depend on the already developed semantic properties of the related color term in the recipient language. Second, it is possible to predict the direction and development of the new connotations and meanings of a color term in a specific language.

رمان جای خالی سلوچ محمود دولت آبادی روایت سرگذشت غم انگیز یک خانواده ی روستایی در سالهای اصلاحات ارضی (1350-1340) است. تصویری که این رمان رئالیستی از این پدیده ی تاریخی-اجتماعی و پیامدهای عینی آن در زندگی روستاییان به دست می دهد، عموما به عنوان قرائتی قابل اعتنا در باب این دوره از تاریخ معاصر ایران قلمداد شده است. عناصر پیرامتنی پیوسته این اثر (عنوان، طرح روی جلد، عبارت تقدیم و پیشگفتار) در القا و ارایه ی معنای مبنایی این تصویر نقش چشمگیری دارند. با عنایت به این باور که یکی از کارکردهای راستین پیرامتنیت بازنمایی و بازآفرینی معنایی است که در عمل خوانش متن صورت می پذیرد، مقاله حاضر با تکیه بر تئوری های مطالعات پیرامتنی، که عمدتا مبتنی بر همنوایی زیرساخت های معنایی پیرامتن و متن می باشند، به بررسی قابلیت ها ی عناصر پیرامتنی رمان جای خالی سلوچ در تکمیل و بازنمایی معنای کلی این اثر می پردازد.

The present article reports a study carried out to investigate whether or not awareness of functional translation theories has any impact on the translation quality of translator trainees. 2oo Iranian undergraduate students took part in this study. They were divided into four groups -two- experimental and two control groups. After homogenizing the participants by a TOEFL test, a translation pre-test was administered and then functional theories of translation like Translational Action and Skopos Theory were taught to the experimental groups who were later required to use the material taught in their classroom translation practice during one academic semester. The control groups were instructed traditionally as widely practiced in Iranian undergraduate translation classes. A translation post-test was given to all the groups at the end of the semester. The statistical results demonstrated a significant difference between the pre- and post- test in the two experimental groups as compared with the control groups.