فرح حبیب

One of basic principles in designing treatment environments is to design air conditioning/ventilation system proportionate to environment. Essentially, appropriate air conditioner in treatment spaces must bear the following capabilities: providing healthy and clean air, reducing the concentration of pollutants produced in the atmosphere, emission of pollutants and impeding their spread in exterior space. Due to significance of the foregoing items in designing treatment spaces, in this research which has been conducted by descriptive-analytic method and using library studies, exامینation of hybrid ventilation system in treatment environments have been dealt with. Designing air conditioners in hospitals include ventilation design methods in form of natural/passive, mechanical, and hybrid ventilation systems. In this research, innovative design approach of hybrid ventilation system of hospitals have been introduced; having studied architecture of Iranian windtowers and greenhouse behavior of building façade and advantages and disadvantages of this system and superiority of the proposed system have been addressed. The system will be designed by using triple-walled shell (for the purpose of heating in winter season and airflow circulation in summer season) and cooling tower (plan design by viewing a vertical space in overall volume of the project and having direct access to AHU Rooms) A considerable advantage of this method is to reduce amount of energy consumption and subsequently decreased suction fan rotation period in cooling tower system as well as energy consumption reduction for heating air via fancoil.

Purpose- Nowadays, with the disappearance of traditionalism in rural housing design, constructions that deviate from the traditional and indigenous housing patterns are noticeable, and as a result, native values and traditions in rural housing have been disregarded. On the other hand, rural housing is the most humanistic subject of architecture and provides for the diverse needs of local residents. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of examining the effective factors in preserving the values of endemic housing and regional texture in Sistan towards revitalizing rural settlements.Design/ Methodology/ Approach- The qualitative-quantitative research method was used in the present study. The statistical population consisted of two parts: the first part included experts and graduates in architecture who were selected as a sample size of 20 people based on purposive sampling. The second part consisted of the villagers of Qaleh now, Deh Arbab, and Deh now Piran. Background field method, Delphi method, FARAS + FKOPRAS models were used to analyze data in both qualitative and quantitative sections.Finding- the results of background theory showed that from the perspective of experts, some factors such as preserving rural landscape, principles of protecting native housing values towards development with a focus on indigenous culture, interaction in preservation and revitalization of regional fabric and rural indigenous housing as well as cultural tourism in villages were identified as effective factors in preserving endemic rural housing values. Also, Delphi results showed that Kendall’s coefficient for concepts and meaningful units obtained from expert interviews did not differ significantly. In this regard, fuzzy model results showed that developing an ideal pattern for indigenous housing in Sistan with a weight of 70/72; principles of protecting native housing values towards development with a focus on indigenous culture with a weight of 66/72; integrated and cohesive management with a weight of 59/72, received the highest and lowest importance in preserving indigenous rural housing values in Sistan respectively.

What is called the problems of Tehran metropolis now a days, is deep- rooted in the policies ofurban planning in our country. Since not far past up to now, immigration from all over the country to Tehran, irregular growth of urban population, inconsistency with urban infrastructure development, environmental pollution and low quality of living areas, erosion of self -growing fabric in most areas which get erosion very quickly due to not being benefited from minimum constructional standards, service and urban infected organ are all those problems that a city such as Tehran is confronted with. These cases caused that the greatest growth center of the country loses its capability of attracting the possibilities and parameters needed for efficient development and due to heavy pressure imposed by other towns and villages, this city is now suffering from serious problems which only by allocating extra budgets and additional funds, may be temporarily decreased. The topics which will be discussed in this article are those problems arisen from immediate neighborhood of two heterogeneous fabrics which have not been properly paid attentions to. So it has been tried in this article to address the heterogeneity in Tehran, caused by economic and social problems. In this article different aspects of the issue from urbanization viewpoint with analytical approaches and the existed challenges have been addressed.

In this paper, the system of language and architecture has been studied in three levels of elemental, structural and semantic in cases of traditional and modern mosques in Iran through the method of analyzing the content of texts and in a conceptual model. Then, in a comparative method, the common patterns of these systems have been explained at all three levels. The common features at the elemental level included double-edged signs, the notion of sign value, as well as syntagmatic relations. Concepts such as the two-way functioning of the systems, textuality and spatial cohesion were identified at the structural level. The concepts of marking, explicit and implicit meanings, and metaphors were investigated at the semantic level of the architecture of the mosques. In the following, the variables were categorized in tables based on the concepts and the data were analyzed through inferential analysis. Then, the findings were coded based on the indices of each variable. On this basis, it became clear that the common patterns, the mental forms of the language sign system can be translated into the physical forms of the architecture system through representation. The respondent also reads or interprets based on a picture or a represented form when confronting the representation. The research findings indicate that readings are based on the collective language and interpretations are based on the individual’s personal language. In the meantime, the cultural, historical, and ethnic contexts, as well as the role of mass media are of high prominence.

Culture has always been regarded as the most important element of human communities; we can easily observe cultural changes. What causes these changes has been a matter of controversy. The issues such as people’s increasingly getting detached from each other, psychopathy, behavioral abnormalities, traditions being increasingly faded away, malformation, extravagancy and value conversion into anti-values led the authors to conduct an investigation into the factors which cause such changes to happen. Moreover, the paper proposes strategies for improving the situation. First, the concept of culture and its elements are discussed. Then, the impact of urban physical aspects on the culture is dealt with. In developing a theoretical framework for the study, content analysis was performed. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed for small-scale (micro-level) and large-scale (macro-level) case studies, respectively. Finally, the results were discussed and a model was proposed for the impact of the urban physical aspects on culture and behavior.