گارینه کشیشیان سیرکی

The India-Pakistan conflict is one of the longest disputes in the Indian subcontinent, dating back to 1948. During this period, the dispute between the two countries has many times been to the brink of a war, and has led to it four times. The deterioration of the conflict required that several meas-ures be taken at various levels of diplomacy to resolve it. Simultaneously with the activities in the field of official diplomacy, and even at the time of the severance of official relations between the two countries, Track two activities have been running between the elites along the borders. The article will briefly review the most important activities of Track Two Diplomacy to resolve this dispute, one of the most important of which is the activities of the Pakistan-India Peoples' Forum for Peace and Democracy. This activity was successful to show a different dimension of the con-flict to public and elites along the borders, however, was not able to manifest long lasting peace. The most important achievement to be counted for PIPFPD is reducing the tensions, especially at the time of diplomatic deadlocks. The article answers to the question of why PIPFPD has failed to achieve some of its defined goals after nearly 25 years’ activity? Describing various aspects of the conflict, besides limitations PIPDPD has been faced, the article concludes that complexity of the dispute caused by the multiplicity of actors and interest which is affected by regional and interna-tional issues won’t let the conflict ripen. Sinceactors involved in the conflict don’t come to this logic that consensus over resolving dispute is more beneficial than continuing it.

Gas export is one of the considerable choices in gas consumption to obtain foreign ex-change direct income by the government. Gas can be transformed and exported by various forms such as LNG and GTL. All forms of gar transformation and its export row gas with a convertible coefficient. Therefore, gas export means the total gas export through pipelines, LNG on the other forms of gas transition. Increasing concerns towards the environmental practices and human communal lives, on the other hand, due to be added the natural gas to the numbers of clean fuel applicants. Iran has the most natural gas resources in the Middle-East and universally, offers in the second stance following Russia. Therefore, it’s expected to provide the massive benefit of e4xploitation from the enormous resources of natural gas to present the appropriate opportunities for economic prosperity, industrial development and sustainable technological improvement in Iran. However, the slight share of gas in the for-eign exchange income indicates that Iran's policymaking is inefficient in regard. Analyzing and finding the main reasons for policymaking deficiency in the Islamic Republic of Iran in the gas export domain from 1996 to 2016, was a purpose by which the proposed research was formed. The results of the study indicate that regarding the technical and economic de-pendency of utilization from Iranian oil resources, on the one hand, and the critical signific-ance of oil for governing, and understanding policymaking purposes of Iran gas export is integrated into the political structure. Accordingly, the type of governing structural perspec-tive in the universal system has deprived gas export through LNG pipes and novel technol-ogies. This research is amongst the existing fundamental and theoretical research practices which aim to find originally an appropriate strategy via investigating policymaking of the Islamic Republic of Iran between 1996 to 2016, for extroverting the current issues. The data-collection method is library-based on which will be done by taking notes of the firsstance resources, and also some valid internet-based ones. The data analytical method will be a descriptive-analytical method.

Abstract: The emergence and rise of the Islamic spheres in contemporary times have become one of the most important research topics of recent years and in this area literature is being developed. All those who are doing research in their quest are seeking to answer the question of what factors have led to the politicalization of Islam…? Accordingly, each researcher and writer examines the subject according to the angle from which it looks at the subject or from the position in which it is located and in other words these differenc-es are in the perspective of the disciplinary approach that the researcher had. Sociolo-gists, for example, have referred mainly to structural and class transformation and on this basis, have explained the rise of political Islam. Similarly, political scientists have emphasized and ideological factors this disciplinary attitude has led to the neglect of other factors and their role in the emergence of political Islam. Similarly, political scien-tists have emphasized and ideological factors this disciplinary attitude has led to the neglect of other factors and their role in the emergence of political Islam. Among these factors are the circumstances, processes and accelerators and in their view examined the reasons for the politicalization of the Tunisian Islamic movement. In this article we will try to examine the political context of the Ennahda salve movement.

Abstract: The main purpose of this research is to explain the role of globalization on the relation-ship between the sovereignty of the country and the identity of the Turkmens. This re-search is a developmental and applied goal and is qualitatively based on the nature of the research. The statistical community in the qualitative section is a social sciences and political scientist. Experts were identified by purposeful sampling and snowflake sam-pling which, according to the adequacy of the data, was interviewed in total with 20 ex-perts. The analysis method was the theme analysis based on Clarke and Bron's approach (2006). The data gathered through an in-depth interviewing. The results indicate that the recognition of the existing gap in the society has been identified in the context of the effect of globalization on the capacities of the Turkmens, the criteria for the formation of the virtual ethnic communities, the collective identification of the Turkmens, the de-velopment of the inside ethnic Turkmen interaction, the recognition of the rights of the Turkmens. In the area of solutions to the emergence of national sovereignty, globaliza-tion problems including cultural and social, and political strategies, economic, and legal solutions were identified.

Abstract: This study aims at measuring the relationship between students‟ attitude toward govern-ment‟s virtual social network policy making with social security feeling, in another word, to which extent social security feeling emphasizing on social networks is determined via users‟ attitude toward government‟s media policy making? Analytical-descriptive method including survey is used in this paper; the method used for data collection is the design of the question-naire. The statistical community was “all the students in Azad University of East Tehran Branch”; the sample included “363 persons” and the sampling method was proportional sort-ing probable. Findings show that, the most correlation is related to the legitimacy index with a correlation coefficient of 85%, planning with correlation coefficient n of 45%, and decision making of government with correlation coefficient n of 41% and government policy making execution index with correlation coefficient n of 44% has the least correlation coefficient. Thus, it can be said that, by increasing legitimacy, planning, and decision making of the gov-ernment, students‟ attitude toward policy making is accelerated and amount of social security of students increase intermediately, that is, a direct and an intermediate correlation relation between three mentioned indices of government‟s media policy making with variable of stu-dents‟ social security. However, there is a weak correlation relation in another index, i.e. poli-cy execution, in another word; there is a direct and weak correlation relation between the re-lated index and social security of students. It means that, students have a negative attitude to-ward non-significant execution of policies and a weak feel of social security.