درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Soil is among the cheapest and most available materials found in the human living environment. Seeking refuge in the heart of earth and benefitting from soil’s thermal property, based on experience, is a strategy employed in the past across some regions. Also the passive systems are amongst the cheapest methods of providing heating and cooling demands of the buildings. These systems experience the lowest impact of environmental degradation while increasing the energy efficiency of the building through decreasing heat gain and loss. The idea of the earth-sheltered buildings is amongst the passive construction that has been embraced by the architects. An earth-sheltered building, as a passive idea, can guarantee, extensively, the reduction of energy consumption and provides the required conditions for thermal comfort. The present study discusses and investigates the thermal performance of earth-sheltered residential buildings in Yazd city of Iran. To predict this type of constructional thermal behavior, subsequent to field and library studies, thermal simulation was employed using Energy Plus software. Energy Plus software is able to simulate the envelopes adjacent to soil. The simulation process is conducted through depth changing of the soil surrounding the sample, assuming its thermal properties are constant. Considering to the results, by increasing the depth of sheltering in amount of soil, its energy consumption saving will increase. In this situation annual temperature fluctuation decreases 50% and it saves about 67% of energy consumption. In addition the most hours set on thermal comfort zone. This subject adds 50 more days to annual Earth-Sheltered acceptable thermal comfort conditions. Moreover due to investigating of the building orientation as an effective element for energy consumption, south orientation is specified as the best position for energy reduction in Earth-Sheltered.

Attachment to a place is a positive emotional relation between a person and a place that leads to the significance of a place for the people staying there. Several studies have been presented about the sense of attachment to one or more locations around the world that each of them has evaluated the subject from a specific view and has achieved different results. This research tries to assess the relationship between intensity of attachment to a place and scale of the place with a new look at this issue. Accordingly, the factors influencing the attachment on the place have been exامینed in three dimensions of "physical", "socio-demographic" and "emotional". Physical factors have been divided into three scales of house, neighborhood and urban. Social-demographic factors have been generalized to variables such as age, gender, level of education, etc. Emotional factors have been extracted from 21 indices of the literature related to the concepts of place and attachment to a place. In this research, 12 emotional cases were evaluated for each of three interest place scales for people with different demographic characteristics in Shiraz. Studies were conducted through questionnaires at different neighborhoods with randomly selected citizens and the results were presented as a descriptive and analytical report. These results indicate that the feeling of attachment to the city scale is at the highest level, and then is a home, and finally is the attachment to the neighborhood scale.

In this paper, parametric modeling of five types of common used motifs in Islamic-Iranian architecture including Hashte-Chahar-Lengeh, Hashte-Panj, Hashte-Bazoubandi, Chahar-Lengeh-AlmasTarash and Table Khofte Rasteh are carried out. These motifs are selected because of low condensate of members and the ability to construct them appropriately as load barring rod elements in the dome space structure of slow Shabdari arch. Hence, motifs are projected on the geometry of slow Shabdari arch to create a dome space structure. The problem of parametric modeling of motifs is done in two cases of changing the number of basic modules and changing module production parameters. In the first case, the projection algorithm of basic modules depends on the dissemination coefficients representing the number of modules’ proliferation in horizontal and vertical direction of dome. In this case, the aim is to create sparse or delicate networks based on the form of fixed basic module. In the second case, the parameters used in the algorithm of basic modules themselves relies on the dissemination coefficients to produce new modules based on the considered motifs. Computer simulations for the second case of the problem of motifs’ parametric modeling show that, through a proper choice of the dissemination coefficients, slow Shabdari arch can be converted to common dome space structures such as lamella and ribbed domes.