درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the preferences of urban dwellers for various elements of urban parks in order to provide some important suggestions for rehabilitation of urban deficient parks. In this regard, this study has conducted a survey in one of the oldest parks in خرمabad, Iran, to reveal the overall satisfaction of the park situation and to explore the preferences of users regarding the characteristics of appropriate hard and soft landscape elements of the park. This paper uses five independent combined analyses covering elements of the urban park, including locational, functional, physical, visual and the vegetation characteristics in order to provide the most preferable elements for rehabilitation of this park. For finding significant results, questionnaires are distributed among 100 park users during spring 2014. Findings of the research show general dissatisfaction regarding the existing condition of the park and provide some key points that can be helpful for improvement of the quality of the park based on visitors' ideas.

There has long been a concern that evaluating building thermal performance on the basis of energy loads is inappropriate to achieve overall energy efficiency of houses, particularly passive houses, in temperate climates. Passive buildings designed to be free running may achieve better results in an appropriate evaluation system. The main objective of this study is to investigate differences between thermal performances of houses in different operation modes. The paper illustrates a relationship between indicators of building performance in free running and conditioned modes. Simulation is used to compare the predicted performances of conditioned and free running houses, respectively on the basis of annual energy requirements (MJ/m2) and Degree Discomfort Hours (DDH) in temperate climate of Babolsar, Iran. Despite a strong relationship between these two indicators, some significant differences become clear leading to a discussion of the persistent technical problems and issues, which are encountered when attempting to optimize an efficient architectural design. The result of this study persuades the architects to pay more attention to the process of building energy efficient design regarding to the building operation mod. Application of this result in the building labelling system can promote the passive building design which is an important step to achieve objectives of sustainable development.

Earth-Shelter construction is one of the aspects in architecture where the thermal mass of the earth behind the outer walls are applied in order to reduce heat loss and keep the internal temperature at human comfort range. In case of earth-shelter buildings, housing is especially important. As for its applicability the earth-shelter provides good housing. Typological studies of earth-shelter construction in Iran by introduces various Iranian examples of this type, could be a model for the today’s innovative designs with an approach to energy saving. This type of construction responded to human comfort requirements when modernism was absent to claim that it could do the same through mechanical technology. The study method adopted here consists of qualitative-descriptive and deductive analyses. The categories of earth-shelter architecture are three worldwide: Earth Mound, Rocky or In-Hill and Bellow ground. Here the genotype of earth architecture and phenotype of earth-shelter are studied in details. The same is of two in Iran: Rocky, which is divided in continues and discontinues types and closed underground type. Studies conducted in Iran have revealed a new type of these structures named Combined Continues Rocky open Underground by the author.

Introduction: Nowadays, mental health of people has become a complex issue. So that the world health organization has proposed different solutions for health improvements. There has been an increase in mental disorders and depression in different communities and the importance of mental health has been neglected in many cases. It has been stated that social structure and culture play a fundamental role in the formation of some diseases such as depression and stress disorders. Therefore, further investigation is required for the relevance of the two important issues of mental health and culture. UNESCO defines culture “a set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of a society or a social group that in addition to art and literature, it encompasses lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems, traditions and beliefs.” Architecture's role in the expression of beliefs and culture, which are the expression of human identity, are believed to be an undeniable role. Therefore, the culture of any society, is the basis of the societies' architecture, in a way that it is the reflection of the community's culture. Iran's traditional architecture is the identity of faith, divine nature of goodness and deep passion. Given the link between mysticism and art in Iranian culture, the principles of Islamic art, especially architecture, influenced by the mystical dimension of Islam. Islamic civilization is based on peace and peaceful houses. According to the Quran, home is a place of rest and peace. So the first aim of building a house is to provide a place for human comfort. In recent years, with the change of lifestyles, the concept of home and residence has been changed. Therefore, the concept of home that was responsive to the needs of the life of human beings, has been changed as a mechanical product. This study endevours to exploit the principles of appropriate home from reliable sources such as Quran and Shi'a jurisprudence and investigate these principles in Iranian-Islamic traditional houses in order to reach a suitable guideline for contemporary houses with regards to Iranian-Islamic culture for mental health improvements of people. Literature review Mental health issue is less addressed in the researches and also there is not enough attention toward increasing mental health and stabilizing it. In most of the essays there are some sorts of solutions which are referring to a cure after happening this mental damage while, it is possible to figure out a solution for preventing this important modern issue which is preventable. Therefore, a sort of architecture which is connected to the life of people and also is a part of this life would have an undeniable effect on stabilizing the mental health. The cultural identity of the society could be considered as an important factor for the mental health of each person. Iranian-Islamic culture in contemporary houses are the most important issue in society needs mental peace and human separation from their culture leads to alienation from the original values of the community. One of the most important strategies in the design of contemporary architecture inspired by the principles of respect for the traditional homes of Iranian-Islamic culture that has defined the overall stability of international sustainability. Generally the features of Iranian culture, not only helps mental health but also helps the sustainability of architecture. According to Iranian culture, house is not just a shelter for residents, moreover, it should induce relaxation. The human sense of independence and external noise is not transmitted to the interior of the house.Traditional Islamic architecture reflects the enduring idea of archetype in the past, present and future through continuous image with timeless character wherein the act of creation on the part of some vast horizons disappear, to be together. Since sustainability has all the comprehensive features to meet the human, psychol