درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Nowadays, Spatial and social inequalities are universal and expanding phenomenon. Identification and spatial analysis of social, economic and ecological inequalities in metropolises is one of the essential and basic proceeding for planning and achieving urban sustainable development. The present research method is descriptive-analytical and using 13 sub criteria based on three main criteria of social, economic and environmental analyzes the status of spatial fragmentation among the metropolis Tehran's districts. For this purpose, the criteria and sub- criteria's internal and external dependencies was determined using the Delphi and ANP method in Super Decisions Software and assessed and scored relative to each other. The results of assessing the indicators shows that Tehran metropolis lacks of the physical unity and spatial heterogeneity between the north and south of the city remains as main feature of its spatial structure. It is necessary that the authorities of Tehran urban management to take actions for better understanding of this phenomenon and consequently offer new and efficient solutions for reducing the effects of various impacts of spatial inequality and duality. For this reason, it is essential to rethink the concept of city in terms of social, economic, political, and ecological and sustainability dimensions.

Passive Defense is a set of civilian efforts performed to enhance deterrence, reduce vulnerability, sustain essential activities, promote national stability, and facilitate crisis management against military threats of an enemy. Since in battles, sensitive and critical areas of cities are of paramount importance,it is clear that in military agressions, a large part of threats are focused on cities and their urban facilities and equipment, especially fuel centers. As a result, consideration of passive defense while planning cities has a significant role in reducing the vulnerability of cities and their urban elements as well as facilitating the urban crisis management. It also provides the citizens resistance threshold under possible enemy invasion and natural malicious agents. Hence, this article reviews and analyzes the current situation of gas distribution centers and evaluates their positioning across the city of Mashhad with regard to passive defense approach. However, as far as there is no clear- cut criteria for organizing fuel centers with passive defense approach, the Delphi method is used to select the desired criteria in which on the basis of the final comments of the experts, four critera- performance, access, hazards and security election and spatial organization of the fuel tanks and petrol stations- are analyzed using AHP model and GIS spatial analyzes. Accordingly, it can be said that the assessment of the current status of the urban fuel stations in Mashhad indicates that no area of the city enjoys all measures of passive defense (performance, availability, security, and risks). Likewise, the results indicate that the distribution of these centers in the city are mostly consistent with the factor of access. taking into account all the criteria, it is the ​​North West of Mashhad which has the highest utility than other areas. It is followed by the east of Mashhad and ​​the Northeast and the middle east of the city, respectively. Accordingly, it could be stated that ignoring an efficient design for determining the optimum location of the site construction with a passive defense approach results in an inappropriate and naive spatial distribution of the stations leading to an increased security and environmental risks of the city.

Current article is allocated to the report of a research in which the income elasticities of urban families” demand for public education in time period of 2008-2013 were estimated separately according to the income deciles and by applying Rotterdam Demand System, it was clarified that public education is normal commodity. Different size of estimative elasticities indicated that public education is necessary for the families belonged to the sixth and tenth income deciles and it is lux for first to fifth income deciles and it can be expected that if the income of families belonged to the first to fifth deciles faces with reduction, mentioned families for one percent reduction of income will reduce their demand for public education more than one percent and they will consume the related sources for necessary commodities and services. In contrast, the families belonged to the sixth to tenth deciles reduce the share of lux commodities and services in their cost basket so that not to be forced to reduce their public education costs proportional with income reduction. Therefore, the effective policies on families” income should be compiled and executed in a manner that not to cause to reduce the demand of families for education and especially groups with low and medium income.

The present research has been done with the aim of determine the relationship between intellectual capital and employee performance of Ports and Maritime Organization. Statistical population of the present study includes head office employees of Tehran Ports and Maritime Organization. The statistical population is 140 people, 103 samples were selected according to Morgan table. In this research, field study and the standard questionnaire of intellectual capital of Bontis (1998) and employee performance of Hersey and Goldsmith (1980) have been used as data collection tools, In order to describe the data, descriptive statistics to analyze the data and Kolmogorov Smirnov test and Pearson's correlation coefficient have been used to evaluate the research hypotheses .Statistical analysis has been done by using SPSS software. According to the results of this research there is a significant relationship between the dimensions of intellectual capital (human capital, structural capital, relational capital) with the performance of Ports and Maritime Organization, and intellectual capital and its dimensions was not assessed at desirable level in the Ports and Maritime Organization with an average rate of 3.224 as well as the performance of employees was not assessed at desirable level in the Ports and Maritime Organization with the Average Rate of 3.468 .

It has been encountering with large modifications and developments during recent decades and it makes large developments at Rey & Islamshahr regions. As the habitation areas as shaped in different dimensions. Thought it can investigate the implicational structural at large scales even at littler scales too. Nevertheless the essential applications of living areas on over coming life need such habitation and it has been discussed occupations, having social relations with others, education and training. The kind of search in this study it is introductive and analysis and it was applied of library and curcuma methods. Also it was applied of Top sis model. The findings of study indicate that economical social and structural are in the rates from first to second and it has the most effective role at modification of environmental and implicational of Rey and Islamshahr habitation areas during Tehran mega city. At last it is evaluated as the final indicates at environmental and habitation areas.

HSE management involves managing, controlling and handling all aspects of health, safety and the environment in the petroleum industry with the focus on major accident risk. In the field of residential and building construction ventures the workings met lots of practical hitches like procedure, responsibility, monitoring, evaluation housekeeping at Construction Sites and associated offices, perimeter area, stores, workshops, batching plant, stock yards and labor camp etc. it describes requirement of housekeeping activity at different stages of work & periodicity to maintain site neat & tidy, which should be budgeted, planned & adhered. Before commencing this activity site execution team is recommended to evaluate the foreseeable risk by conducting risk assessment of the particular activity so as to prevent any harm to the engaged team. So we emphasis to resolve this practical hitches by safeguard methods in venture works has been undertaking. We also focused is to address the safe work practices for different activities in construction work, considering its practical and engineering aspects and its implementation at site level under the responsibility of Project Head. Our study is being used for implementation HSE at site. We specifies the topic such as to fill a knowledge gap on site safety issues, to provide handy reference of best practices for frontline management teams, to offer site safety management techniques and tools for use, by practicing these documents effectively, prevention of incidents. This process of technique will help to ensure housekeeping standards and a safe & healthy work environment at all time.

در میان انواع شهرها، شهرهای استخراجی دارای ویژگی های خاصی از جمله تمرکز بالای فعالیت های صنعتی و معدنی مرتبط با اکتشاف، استخراج، پالایش، فرآوری و صدور منابع زیرزمینی، خطر کاهش و اتمام منابع غیر قابل تجدید، آلودگی های بالای زیست محیطی،تولید بالای پسماندهای صنعتی و خانگی و مسائل اجتماعی ناشی از مهاجرت های شغلی و دوگانگی فرهنگی می باشند که می تواند مسئله ناپایداری را در ابعاد زیست محیطی، اقتصادی، اجتماعی- فرهنگی و کالبدی در محیط شهری این نوع شهرها، به وجود آورده یا تشدید نماید. هدف از انجام این پژوهش، تحلیل و ارزیابی ابعاد زیست محیطی و اقتصادی توسعه شهری پایدار، در شهر عسلویه در جنوب ایران و در کناره شمالی خلیج فارس بوده و به لحاظ روش، رویکرد حاکم بر این پژوهش توصیفی- تحلیلی می باشد. اطلاعات مورد نیاز از طریق بررسی های اسنادی، میدانی و تکمیل پرسشنامه، جمع آوری شده و با استفاده از نرم افزار آماری SPSS و ارزش گذاری نماگرها با بهره گیری از طیف لیکرت، مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته است. نتایج تحلیل پژوهش پس از انجام آزمون های آماری T استیودنت، ویلکاکسون و آزمون فریدمن، بیانگر آنست که فعالیت های استخراجی &ndash معدنی در شهر ساحلی عسلویه نه تنها منجر به پایداری این شهر نشده است که به ناپایداری بیشتر آن نیز انجامیده است. در بُعد پایداری زیست محیطی،مولفه کنترل آلودگی ها به عنوان یکی از مهم ترین پارامترها در مسئله وجود یا عدم وجود پایداری در سطح شهر عسلویه،دارای کمترین رتبه و امتیاز (05/1) در بین مولفه های این بُعد می باشد. همچنین در بُعد پایداری اقتصادی، مولفه های فعالیت و اشتغال(2.03) و سرمایه گذاری(1.41) در وضعیت مناسبی قرار ندارند.