محمدرضا میرزایی

One of the aims of spatial political management is to increase access to social and economic services to all residents in an area in order to enhance their satisfaction. There is a great space in the action that has a broad scope. If the spatial political organization implemented in a country is unable to organize such services in a condensed manner, it will face reduced efficiency and lack of satisfaction of its residents of their access to economic, socio- cultural services, so it will lose its political authority before its residents. The distance between the rural- urban centers of the Great Khorasan province to its capital (Mashhad) along with its consequent complications have always been one of the problems of this Great province before conducting the political divisions of the province in 2004. One of the most significant purposes of assigning the law of the state divisions in the province has been to lower its physical distance to the political center of the province and to increase the socio- economic facilities provided to raise its inhabitants’ satisfaction. The present reearch was conducted using a descriptive- analytric approach to analyze the effects ofthe state’s divisions and to increase the effect of the political centers (Birjand and Bojnord) on thesatisfaction level in terms of economic, socio- cutural needs of the citizens in the North Khorasan province. The resultsshowed that reducing thedistance created in the political divisions of the province and adjacency of the urban rural centers to the political sites in the province has failed satisfying the satisfaction of the local residents of these areas.

Due to its neighborhood with Afghanestan and the subsequent problems of this country such as insecurity, weak economic conditions, and lack of proper border monitoring, Khorasan Razavi Province has always been the inhabitat of numerous foreign nationals. Legal and illegal entry of these people has created plenty of issues from different economic, social, and cultural aspects for the citizens of this province. Negative consequences arising from the presence of foreign nationals on one hand and threats that may form from the Trans powers (using the nationals) have emphasized the necessity of considering the passive defense issue. So, one of the issues that requires further investigation is the security implications of foreign nationals in Khorasan Razavi province in terms of a passive defense approach. The main question of the current research is that of regarding the passive defense viewpoint, how the presence of the foreign national affects the security of Khorasan Razavi province and the Islamic Republic of Iran in general. This study has a cross-sectional study approach and through library studies, along with a comprehensive perspective, different threats are identified in the field. Proposing practical solutions, it attempts to take effective measures in controlling such consequences.