علی یعقوبی چوبری

Objective: Care is a multidimensional concept that has been reflected in the process of modernity. The aim of this study was to investigate care ethics among female students of Guilan University. Methods: In this research, a qualitative method based on semi-structured interviews and purposive sampling was used. The statistical sample includes 33 students of Guilan University. In total, 11 interviewees were interviewed as a group and 22 interviewees as an individual. The analysis method in this research was thematic analysis. Results:  In data analysis, twelve basic themes, three organizing themes, and one global theme were obtained. The first type was autonomous girls: these types of girls are less inclined to marriage and maternal roles and less interested in circular motherhood and more inclined to linear time and they believed that a circular mother is a boring role that will reduce their agency. The second was heteronomous girls: these types of female students were in maximal motherhood level because they have known a mother with the semiotic such as sacrifice, kindness, self-sacrifice, altruism, etc. Third types of girls were eclectic: this type of female student has both a tendency to linear time (employment and education) and a cyclical time (marriage and motherhood). Conclusion:  Among the existing types, the ideal form was eclectic ethics in which female students have two ethics of heteronomy and autonomy (semiotic and symbolic).

 Although Michel  Foucault (1926 - 1984) emphasizes that the dominant paradigm of the renaissance era is based on resemblance and analogy, contrary to Foucault's view, metaphorical thinking and analogy is not merely dominant in the pre-modern society, but is also active in the modern and contemporary era, and according to the cognitive theory, it exists in the human being's whole life. The present research aims to investigate the relationship between socio-space metaphors in Foucault's thought. By studying Foucault's works and applying the metaphor identification procedure model, his main metaphors were extracted and analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method. Based on Foucault and Derrida’s theories power is the determining metaphor and has a linguistic character, other metaphors are a function of the metaphor of power. They believe in metaphorical form Power and knowledge are the same. Further, power creates knowledge and controls it spatially and has a great share in its reproduction and chain circulation. Most of Foucault's metaphors of space, such as situation, displacement, place, context, realm, sphere, the horizon, archipelago, land, and landscape, have a military background and are intertwined with power. Foucault likened the modern world to Jeremy Bentham's panopticon power. Foucault's panopticon architecture metaphor is location-based and social one. In other words, he has embodied or objectified the modern world as a disciplinary field or society. The results show that based on Lakoff and Johnson's theory, Foucault has used the metaphors of architecture as well as the panopticon as a source domain to explain the target domain (modern society).