رضا میرعرب رضی

Environmental education (EE) raises awareness of issues impacting the environment upon which we all depend, as well as actions we can take to improve and sustain it. This study investigated the degree of consistency among the environmental components of the intended and implemented curricula belonged to the fifth grade Experimental Science textbook. The methodology in the first part was content analysis, while in the second part was a survey. The statistical population consisted of the fifth grade Experimental Science textbook and 120 fifth grade teachers of primary schools in Sari. The intended curriculum has been examined through the analysis of the objectives and the content of the Experimental Science textbook, and the implemented curriculum has been examined via a researcher-made questionnaire. Chi-square and one-sample t-test were run in data analysis process. The results indicated that with respect to the objectives, there was not any significant difference among the components of the environmental education. However, regarding the content, there was a significant difference among the components of the environmental education. However, there was a significant difference among the contents of the environmental components of the fifth grade Experimental Science course. Moreover, regarding the environmental components and the teachers’ opinions, there was a significant difference between the intended and implemented curricula, and hence not any consistency between the two. Therefore, due to the existing inconsistency, it is necessary for the Editing Council of the Experimental Science Book, as well as the school principals and teachers to put more efforts into reducing such inconsistency.

Technology has a profound influence on schooling in the 21st century and educators are being challenged to incorporate technological innovation to assist students in their learning. Accordingly, the face of learning is changing in general and new technologies are offering students and teachers with tools and occasions unconceivable before. In this respect, this study aimed to investigate the impact of Telegram (as a mobile technology) on collocation learning and retention of Iranian EFL learners. Participants of this study included 120 EFL learns (in two experimental (N= 60) and control (N=60) groups) who received different treatments over the study. Analyzing the results showed that there was a significant difference between the performances of experimental and control groups, of course, in favor of experimental group who confirming the effect of Telegram on improving collocational knowledge. This study implies that using social media network- Telegram has various pedagogical benefits and it can be very promising in EFL instruction.