حسین مهدیان

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between parenting styles and academic self-handicapping by mediating role of meta-cognitive and perfectionism skills. Methodology: The statistical population of the study consisted of all the second grade secondary school students in studying the academic year of 2017-18, in Bojnourd. A sample of 350 students was selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. To collect the data,(a) Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ),(b) Metacognitive Skills Questionnaire(MCSQ)(Dowson,Mcinerney, 2004), (c) Perfectionism Scale (Hewitt, Flett (1991) and (d) Academic self-handicapping Scale (ASHS) (Schwinger, 2014) were used. Pearson correlation coefficient and Structure Equation Modeling were used to analyze the data. Findings: Findings showed that parenting styles directly to academic self-handicapping was not significant, But through the mediating role of meta-cognitive skills and perfectionism was significant. and the hypothetical model had good fit. Conclusion: teaching of the metacognitive skills to students will reduce the academic self-handicapping, and the increaseing of perfectionism will increase the likelihood of academic self-handicapping in the students.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of teaching Mindfulness and Working Memory on academic well-being, academic self-regulation and academic achievement motivation of second-grade secondary school students. The statistical population of this study includes all second-grade secondary school students in Sabzevar city during the academic year of 2017-2018. To collect data, Tuominen-Soini et al. Educational well-being Questionnaire (2012), Kanle and Royan Self-Regulatory Questionnaire (1987) and Abd Khodaie's Achievement Motivation Questionnaire (2008) were used. Methodology: This research was a semi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test design with the control group. A sample of 45 people who were lower in the three dependent variables who were willing to participate in the training sessions were selected and randomly assigned to two groups of test and one control group (each group was 15). Within one week of pre-test run for each of the three groups, one of the experimental groups was subjected to an independent variable of mindfulness education (8 sessions one and a half hours, weekly one session), and the second group was subjected to working memory training (20 Half-hour session, three sessions per week) and the control group did not receive any training. In this research, to analyze the differences between the groups, the variance analysis of variables of multiple and single variable variables was used, taking into account the intra-group (test) and intergroup (group membership) variables. Findings: The results showed that training mindfulness and working memory training increased academic well-being, self-regulation and academic achievement motivation in students. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the effectiveness of mindfulness education and working memory training. Conclusion: Training mindfulness is more effective in increasing academic well-being, academic self-regulation and academic achievement motivation