شرح و تحلیل چند بیت مبهم از دیوان ناصرخسرو (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
معروف ترین چاپ دیوان ناصرخسرو (م: 481ق.) به تصحیح مجتبی مینوی و مهدی محقق منتشر شده و مصححان ابیات مبهم را با علامت سؤال مشخص نموده اند. گرچه در سال های اخیر به همت محققان، بعضی ابهامات دیوان ناصرخسرو برطرف گردیده امّا هنوز بسیاری از ابیات آن مبهم باقی مانده است. این تحقیق به روش توصیفی تحلیلی و با رجوع به منابع گوناگون در پیِ شرح و تفسیر چند بیت مبهم از دیوان ناصرخسرو است. مسأله اصلی تحقیق، اثباتِ تأثیر آشنایی با اندیشه های حکمی و فلسفی، در فهم برخی از ابیات مبهم دیوان ناصرخسرو است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می دهد که در تصحیح و شرح دیوان ناصرخسرو که محمل اندیشه های حکمی و فلسفیِ شاعر درباره جهان، انسان و زندگی است، علاوه بر استناد به نسخه های قدیمی، توجه به اصولِ اندیشه و مبانی فکری شاعر، راهگشا خواهد بود. به عنوانِ نمونه بدون توجه به مفاهیم دیریابی چون نقطه مرکزی جهان و میل عناصر به آن، مهر و کین عناصر در عالم کون و فساد، جفت بودن عقل و نفس کلی و نقش این امر در آفرینش مراتب فروتر، عالم صغیر و عالم کبیر، نگونساری درخت و تصور ریشه به عنوان دهان آن و تأثیر خاصیت در شکار موش توسط گربه، فهم بخشی از ابیات مبهم دیوان شاعر در پرده ابهام باقی خواهد ماند.Explanation and Analysis of Some Ambiguous Verses in Naser Khosrow’s Divan
In recent years, attempts are made to overcome some of the ambiguities in Naser Khosrow’s Divan verses, while the remaining are yet to be overcome. The objective of this descriptive-analytical study is to explain and interpret some of the available ambiguous verses of Naser Khosrow’s Divan by referring to different resources. The objective here is to demonstrate that being aware of philosophical thoughts affects overcoming the ambiguity of vases in Naser Khosrow’s Divan. The results indicate that to facilitate the undertaking of correction and description of the subject, which is the core of the poet’s philosophical thoughts about the world, humans, and life, next to referring to the old manuscripts, close attention to the poet’s thoughts’ principles and origins is of high essence. As an example, with no deep grasp of the abstruse concepts as the central world topic and the element’s tendency toward it: 1) the elements’ love and hate in the world of existence and decadence, 2) the pairing of the wisdom and general soul and its contribution in constructing the lower world, the minor world, the major world, 3) overturning the tree and viewing its roots as its mouth, and 4) the advantages of a cat that catches a mouse, a major part of the ambiguous verses in this Divan would remain ambiguous. Keywords : Nasser Khosrow, Divan of Poems, Ambiguous Verses, Description and Interpretation, Intellectual Support Introduction The best-known edition of Naser Khosrow’s Divan is presented by Minovi and Mohaghegh’s (1986) correction. Didactic literature has a privileged stance in the history of Persian literature. The objective of this literary genre is to train and teach: lifestyle, ethics, religious, gnostic, philosophy, and theosophical subjects. Naser Khosrow is one the most famous poets and authors who sought to teach philosophical subjects to his audience. Understanding his poems in their proper sense is not possible without comprehending his ideological principles. Reflection on his thought principles opens the door to interpreting some important verses of his Divan. The objective here is to explain and analyze some important verses of Naser Khosrow’s Divan according to his ideological principles. Method and Materials The adopted method here is a descriptive-analytical based on library sources to overcome some ambiguous verses of Naser Khosrow’s Divan . The objective here is to reveal that the ambiguity of some verses arises from the complication in the poet’s philosophical thoughts and cultural background. In this context, while the general context of the ode in the style of the phrase in different verses is of concern, the detailed philosophical subjects, based on the prose, the works of other Ismaili-era thinkers, and their intellectual sources are proposed. Through these expositions, an attempt is made to clarify the ambiguity of the verses. Findings Perception of the ancient wisdom on the central topic of the world, conflict amongst elements, the relationship between general intellect and general soul and its contribution to the creation of the world, correspondence and parallelism between humans and the world, the image of the tree root as its mouth, and the ancient belief in properties constitute the findings here. Discussion of Results and Conclusions Five philosophical and intellectual topics and one cultural belief in six ambiguous verses from Naser Khosrow’s Divan are assessed. The first topic is the ancient view about the center of the world which was first put forward by Aristotle and made its way to the Isma’ili works; the second topic pertains to Naser Khosrow’s attention to the conflict and struggle among elements in the lower world. The Greek philosophers were concerned with the love and hate of the elements and regarded them as the origin of the world’s unity. Naser Khosrow, influenced by these ideas, proposes a special interest in the conflict between the elements in the material world. The third topic relates to the origin of human life, which, unlike the body that belongs to the world of the elements, originated from the general intellect and general soul, which have a special stance in Naser Khosrow’s thought system. The fourth topic is the place of the big (major) world and the small (minor) world in Naser Khosrow’s works. The idea of appraisal of the world with the human body has a very long mythical history in Greek, Indian, and Iranian philosophical texts. The fifth topic is an explanation of an ancient and rare belief about the property of the creatures; the sixth topic is an account of the direction and manner of the plant, animal, and human placement order on the earth. There exist diverse sources of ambiguity in some verses in Naser Khosrow’s Divan. As observed, these ambiguities arise in part from the poet’s alluding to the precise intellectual and philosophical subjects and the technical and cultural backbone of his poetry without clarification of which understanding of a group of verses in Naser Khosrow’s Divan would be impossible.
تبلیغات
