چارچوب سوت زنی در سازمان های دولتی ایران با رویکرد نظریه داده بنیاد (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
سوت زنی سازمانی یک فرآیند است که به منظور گزارش دادن نقض های اخلاقی و قانونی داخل یک سازمان یا محیط کاری بکار می رود. از طرف دیگر، نقض های اخلاقی و قانونی در سازمان های دولتی به شکل هایی همچون فساد، سوءاستفاده از قدرت و نقض قوانین ممکن است وارد شوند. از این رو، سوت زنی سازمانی در این حوزه می تواند نقش بسیار اساسی در شناسایی و پرداختن به این نقض ها داشته باشد این پژوهش از نوع کیفی، توسعه ای، تفسیری و استقرایی است که با رویکرد داده بنیاد اجرا شده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش را دوازده نفر از خبرگان دانشگاهی، و مشارکت کنندگانی که خود سوت زن بوده اند و به روش قضاوتی انتخاب شدند، تشکیل می دهد. بعد از انتخاب مشارکت کنندگان از طریق مصاحبه های نیمه ساختار یافته به سوالات پژوهش پاسخ داده شد. پس از بررسی و تحلیل مصاحبه های بدست آمده، 350 کد اولیه بدست آمده که از این تعداد 175 مفهوم انتزاعی، 42 مقوله فرعی و 17 مقوله اصلی بدست آمد. بدین ترتیب عوامل؛ فردی و سیاستهای تنبیهی به عنوان شرایط علی؛ عوامل زمینه ای خرد، عوامل زمینه ای کلان و هنجارسازی به عنوان عوامل زمینه ای؛ نقش پردازها، مشوق های سوت زنی و اخلال گرها به عنوان عوامل مداخله گر، حمایت های سه گانه، راهبردهای نرم، راهبردهای سخت، سیاست های حفاظتی سوت زن و دستگاه های نظارتی به عنوان راهبرد، پیامدهای اجتماعی – اقتصادی، فردی – اخلاقی و سازمانی – قانونی به عنوان پیامدهای سوت زنی در سازمان های دولتی ایران شناسایی شدند. الگوی ارائه شده تواند مبنایی برای برنامه ریزی سازمان ها باشد تا به طور مجدد از تجربه ها، دانش، تخصص و مهارت های بازنشستگان در مشاغل حرفه ای و غیرحرفه ای استفاده شود. پذیرش سوت زنی سازمانی و ایجاد یک مکانیزم قانونی برای مدیریت گزارش ها نیز بسیار حیاتی است. این موارد شامل ایجاد یک فرآیند قانونی برای بررسی و پیگیری گزارش ها، حمایت از سوت زنان، و اعمال عواقب قانونی برای نقض های اخلاقی و قانونی است.The Framework of whistle-blowing in Iran's Government Organizations with the Approach of Grounded Theory
Organizational whistleblowing is a process used to report ethical and legal violations within an organization or work environment. On the other hand, ethical and legal violations in government organizations may occur in the form of corruption, abuse of power, and violations of laws. Therefore, organizational whistle-blowing in this area can play a very important role in identifying and dealing with these violations. This research is qualitative, developmental, interpretive and inductive, which was implemented with the foundation's data approach. The statistical population of the research consists of twelve university experts and participants who were whistleblowers themselves and were selected by a judgmental method. After selecting the participants, the research questions were answered through semi-structured interviews. After reviewing and analyzing the obtained interviews, 350 initial codes were obtained, of which 175 concepts, 42 sub-categories and 17 main categories were obtained. In this way, the factors; individual and punitive policies as causal conditions; micro contextual factors, macro contextual factors and norming as contextual factors; Role players, incentives for whistle-blowing and disruptors as intervening factors, triple support, soft strategies, hard strategies, whistle-blowing protection policies, and regulatory bodies as strategies. Social-economic, individual-moral and organizational-legal consequences were identified as the consequences of whistle-blowing in Iran's government organizations. The presented model can be a basis for planning organizations to re-use the experiences, knowledge, expertise and skills of retirees in professional and non-professional jobs. Adopting organizational whistleblowing and creating a legal mechanism to manage reports is also critical. These include establishing a legal process for investigating and following up on reports, protecting whistleblowers, and imposing legal consequences for ethical and legal violations.Introduction Organizational whistle-blowing is a process used to report ethical and legal violations within an organization or work environment. The main goal of this action is to promote transparency and ethical behavior within the organization. People who blow the whistle are known as "whistleblowers". Organizational whistle-blowing plays a very vital role in government organizations. Here, public property and government authority are managed, so transparency and maintaining ethics are vital. On the other hand, ethical and legal violations in government organizations may occur in the form of corruption, abuse of power, and violations of laws. Therefore, organizational whistleblowing in this area can play a very important role in identifying and dealing with these violations.Case study The case study of the current research is to present the framework of whistle-blowing in Iran's government organizations from the perspective of academic experts and active whistle-blowers as experts in this field.Materials and Methods This research is qualitative, developmental, interpretive and inductive, which was implemented with the foundation's data approach. The statistical population of the research consists of twelve university experts and participants who were whistleblowers themselves and were selected by a judgmental method. After selecting the participants, the research questions were answered through semi-structured interviews.Discussion and Results After reviewing and analyzing the obtained interviews, 350 initial codes were obtained, of which 175 concepts, 42 sub-categories and 17 main categories were obtained. In this way, the factors; individual and punitive policies as causal conditions; micro contextual factors, macro contextual factors and norming as contextual factors; Role players, incentives for whistle-blowing and disruptors as intervening factors, triple support, soft strategies, hard strategies, whistle-blowing protection policies, and regulatory bodies as strategies. Social-economic, individual-moral and organizational-legal consequences were identified as the consequences of whistle-blowing in Iran's government organizations. ConclusionWhistle-blowing in the Islamic Republic of Iran is an emerging phenomenon and is still in its initial stages both in the field of research and in the field of implementation. Many countries have formulated their own whistle-blowing laws and approved them in their parliaments, and our country should also legalize this phenomenon faster in order to support whistle-blowing. The presented model can be a basis for planning organizations to re-use the experiences, knowledge, expertise and skills of retirees in professional and non-professional jobs. Adopting organizational whistleblowing and creating a legal mechanism to manage reports is also critical. These include establishing a legal process for investigating and following up on reports, protecting whistleblowers, and imposing legal consequences for ethical and legal violations. The following strategies can be used to increase whistle-blowing in Iran's government organizations: Awareness: For the success of the whistle-blowing program, make sure that all employees are familiar with this program. And you can use events, awareness sessions, and educational texts to raise awareness; Witness Protection: Ensure that witnesses or reporters are protected. Whistleblower protection laws are important so that people can more confidently report issues; Reporting system: A safe and reliable system for reporting issues, such as a safety deposit box or an online system, is important. This system must ensure confidentiality and trustworthiness.
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