تجاری سازی تحقیقات دانشگاهی در فراگرد کارآفرینی دانشگاهی با رویکرد فراترکیب (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی موانع تجاری سازی تحقیقات دانشگاهی در فراگرد کارآفرینی دانشگاهی انجام شده است. در راستای رسیدن به این هدف با استفاده از روش فراترکیب و روش هفت مرحله ای سندلوس کی و باروس و، با رویکرد توسعه ای-کاربردی موانع تجاری سازی یافته های تحقیقاتی محققان دانشگاهی شناسایی گردید. بدین صورت که پس از غربالگری پژوهش ها، تعداد 52 پژوهش انتخاب و سپس با تحلیل محتوای یافته های پژوهش های انتخاب شده و با استفاده از روش کدگذاری و نظر خبرگان تعداد 99 کد، 13 مفهوم و 3 مقوله شناسایی شدند. به منظور سنجش پایایی کدهای استخراجی، شاخص کاپای کوهن در نرم افزار SPSS محاسبه شد. روایی محتوای مدل پژوهش توسط 11 نفر از خبرگان و اساتید دانشگاهی با استفاده از ضریب نسبی CVR تأیید گردید. طبق نتایج این پژوهش، موانع تجاری سازی یافته های تحقیقاتی را می توان در سه مقوله اصلی "موانع داخلی (سطح دانشگاه)"، "موانع محیط نزدیک" و "موانع محیط دور" تقسیم بندی نمود. موانع محیط داخلی شامل 7 مفهوم موانع مربوط به "برنامه ریزی و سیاست گذاری"، "مدیریت"، "ادراک و مهارت پژوهشگران"،"ویژگی های روانشناختی پژوهشگران"، "زیرساخت ها و حمایت ها"، "فرهنگ سازمانی" و "ماهیت پژوهش ها"، موانع محیط نزدیک شامل 3 مفهوم موانع مربوط به "فضای بازار"، "بازیگران صنعت" و "شبکه ها و ارتباطات"و موانع محیط دور نیز شامل 3 مانع اصلی "فرهنگی"، "اقتصادی" و " قانونی- دولتی" می باشند.Commercialization of Academic Researches in the University Entrepreneurship Process with a Meta-Synthesis Approach
Extended AbstractAbstractThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the barriers to the commercialization of academic research in the process of academic entrepreneurship. In order to achieve this goal, the meta-synthesis approach and the seven-step method of Sandelowski and Barroso, with the developmental-applicative approach, was used.IntroductionCurrently, the distribution of education, the limitation and reduction of government budget, global competition and the changing demands of the knowledge-based economy have caused universities to pay more attention to economic development and entrepreneurial activities. Many universities are willing to participate in economic development and growth through the commercialization of their research and commercial activities with the cooperation of other universities and institutions. Academic entrepreneurship is a process aimed at increasing the economic value of scientific achievements as well as transferring and applying knowledge between universities and businesses. The ambiguities regarding the existing barriers in the process of commercialization of knowledge, as well as introducing various obstacles by researchers, have made it difficult to provide a general set of barriers to commercialization of knowledge at the international level and for all fields of study. In the present study, in order to obtain a comprehensive model of the barriers to the commercialization of research findings, we seek to answer the question, "In the process of academic entrepreneurship, what are the barriers to the commercialization of academic researches?"Case studyThe statistical population of the present study is international and domestic research in the field of commercialization. Materials and MethodsUsing the meta-synthesis approach and the seven-step method of Sandelowski and Barroso, barriers to commercialization of academic researches were identified with a developmental-applied approach. After screening, 52 researches were selected; then by analyzing the content of the selected researches and using coding method and the opinion of experts, 99 codes, 13 concepts and 3 categories were identified. Cohen's Kappa index was used to measure the reliability of the extracted codes. Also, CVR index was calculated by designing an expert-based questionnaire and a survey of 11 experts who were selected by purposeful judgment and snowball method; the content validity of the model was confirmed by removing four items.Discussion and ResultsAccording to the research findings, the barriers to the commercialization of academic research findings can be divided into three main categories: "internal (university level)", "immediate environment" and "distant environment barriers". Internal environment barriers include seven concepts of barriers related to "planning and policy-making", "management", "perception and skill of researchers", "psychological factors of researchers", "infrastructure and support", "cultural", and "the nature of research". The barriers of immediate environment include 3 concepts of "market atmosphere", "industry actors" and "networks and communications". This environment includes concepts and indicators that universities have a closer interaction with; but the control of university over them is low. The barriers of the distant environment also include "cultural", "economic" and "political-legal" barriers. They classified in this group because they are related to the outside environment of the university and the university has no control over them.ConclusionAccording to the research results, the commercialization of academic researches requires cooperation, alignment and modification of the activities carried out in all three internal, immediate, and distant environment.
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